模具对复合材料层合板固化成型影响的数值分析

刘馨阳; 赵海涛; 袁明清; 鞠雪梅; 张博明; 陈吉安

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200831.002

模具对复合材料层合板固化成型影响的数值分析

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200831.002

1.
上海交通大学　航空航天学院，上海 200240
2.
上海宇航系统工程研究所，上海 201108
3.
北京航空航天大学　材料科学与工程学院，北京 100191

基金项目: 上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2018-021)

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵海涛，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为复合材料力学性能评价及固化模拟　E-mail：zht@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-01
- 录用日期: 2020-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-23

Numerical analysis of the effect of mold on the curing of composite laminates

1.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
Aerospace System Engineering Institute of Shanghai, Shanghai 201108, China
3.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 针对复合材料层合结构与模具在固化工艺中的相互作用进行研究以提高制备精度。考虑摩擦力和粘结力在模具和制件接触界面间的共同作用，改进一种复合材料层合结构固化应变及应力情况的数值计算模型并与已有实验结果进行比较。引入弹簧单元建立固化工艺有限元模型，并对解析模型进行验证。最后通过解析模型对固化变形的影响因素进行探究。结果表明：所建立的解析预报模型具有较高的计算精度及一定的实用性；考虑模具作用的有限元模型可以更好地对层合板的变形趋势进行预报和分析。通过解析模型探究发现层合板长度、模具材料和表面情况均会对固化过程中的层间滑移产生影响，对工艺条件制定具有更好的指导意义。
- 复合材料层合板 /
- 模具影响 /
- 滑动摩擦力 /
- 粘结力 /
- 固化模拟
Abstract: The interaction between the composite laminate structure and the mold during the autoclave curing process was studied to improve the manufacturing accuracy. Considering the joint effect of frictional force and adhesive force at the contact interface between the mold and the component, a numerical calculation model for curing strain and stress of the composite laminate structure was improved and compared with the existing experimental results. The spring element was introduced to establish a finite element model of the curing process and used to verify the analytical model. Finally, the influencing factors of curing deformation were explored through the analytical model. The results show that the analytical forecast model established has high calculation accuracy and practicability. The finite element model considering the role of the mold can better predict the deformation trend of the laminate. Through analytical model exploration, it is found that the length of the laminate, the mold material and the surface condition will have an effect on the interlayer slip during the curing process, which has a better guiding significance for the formulation of process conditions.
- composite laminate /
- mold influence /
- sliding friction condition /
- sticking force condition /
- curing simulation

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图 1 固化过程中预浸料的受力及变形情况

Figure 1. Stress and deformation of prepreg during curing

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图 2 复合材料层合板解析计算模型

Figure 2. Analytical calculation model of composite laminates

τ—Shear stress; h₁—Thickness of laminate; h₂—Thickness of mold; u—Displacement; E₁—Elastic modulus of laminate; E₂—Elastic modulus of mold; σ—Normal stress; l—1/2 length of the laminate

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图 3 滑动摩擦力作用下构件受力情况

Figure 3. Forces of components under sliding friction

dx—Length of the differential unit of laminate; dσ— Normal stress increment of the differential unit of laminate

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图 4 滑动摩擦力影响下的复合材料层合板应力分布

Figure 4. Stress distribution of composite laminates under the influence of sliding friction

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图 5 粘结力作用下复合材料层合板界面受力情况

Figure 5. Interface force of composite laminates under the action of bonding force

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图 6 复合材料层合板界面在粘结力作用下的应力分布

Figure 6. Stress distribution of the interface of composite laminates under the action of bonding force

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图 7 复合材料层合板固化温度历程

Figure 7. Time course of curing temperature of composite laminates

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图 8 复合材料层合板固化度历程

Figure 8. Time course of curing degree of composite laminate

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图 9 有限元模型与解析模型复合材料层合板应变情况对比

Figure 9. Comparison of strain of composite laminate between finite element model and analytical model

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图 10 复合材料层合板轴向应变

Figure 10. Axial strain of composite laminates

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图 11 复合材料层合板不同长度下的应变分布

Figure 11. Strain distribution under different lengths of composite laminates

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图 12 复合材料层合板及模具在不同厚度下的应变情况

Figure 12. Strain of composite laminates and molds at different thicknesses

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图 13 构件在不同材料模具下的应变分布

Figure 13. Strain distribution of components under different materal imolds

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图 14 不同模具表面处理情况下构件应变情况分布

Figure 14. Distribution of component strain under different mold surface treatments

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表 1 材料性能参数^{[8, 16]}

Table 1. Parameters for the materials^{[8, 16]}

Material	Young’s modulus/GPa		Coefficient of thermal expansion/(10⁻⁶℃⁻¹)		Poisson’s ratio
Material	0°	90°	0°	90°	Poisson’s ratio
T300 carbon fiber	230	35	−1.5	27	0.28
Aluminium	72	—	22	—	0.32
5428 resin	3.5×10⁻³	—	44.1	44.1	0.35
Note: Young’s modulus of 5428 resin is $E_{\rm{m}}^0$.

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表 2 碳纤维/双马5428材料参数^[16]

Table 2. Material properties of carbon fiber/BMI5428^[16]

Parameter	Value
ρ_c/(kg∙m⁻³)	1 614
c/(J∙(W∙℃)⁻¹)	1 050
K₁₁/(W∙(m∙℃)⁻¹)	0.851
K₂₂=K₃₃/(W∙(m∙℃)⁻¹)	0.426
Fiber volume fraction/vol%	60
α₁₁/10⁻⁶℃⁻¹	0.19
α₂₂/10⁻⁶℃⁻¹	40.3
Notes: ρ_c—Density of composite laminates; c—Specific heat capacity of composite laminates; K₁₁, K₂₂, K₃₃—Anisotropic thermal conductivities; α₁₁, α₂₂—Longitudinal and transverse thermal expansion coefficients.

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