基于多指标控制的聚氨酯阻尼材料动态力学性能稳健性分析

苏毅; 李婷; 李爱群

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200825.001

基于多指标控制的聚氨酯阻尼材料动态力学性能稳健性分析

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200825.001

苏毅^1, ,,
李婷^2,,
李爱群^{2, 3,}

1.
南京林业大学　土木工程学院，南京 210037
2.
东南大学　土木工程学院，南京 210096
3.
北京建筑大学，北京 100044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51438002；51278104)

详细信息

通讯作者:
苏毅，博士，副教授，研究方向为建筑结构抗震与减震、现代竹木结构　 E-mail：suyi@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-11
- 录用日期: 2020-08-13
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-23

Robustness analysis of dynamic properties of polyurethane damping materials based on multi-index control

SU Yi^{1
, ,},
LI Ting^2
,,
LI Aiqun^{2, 3
,}

1.
Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2.
Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
3.
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要: 强震或强风下，建筑结构中的隔震或消能装置受力大、变形大，这就要求阻尼材料的阻尼系数高，适用温度与室外环境匹配，具有大阻尼温域。目前，聚氨酯阻尼材料难以同时满足上述诸多指标性能，因而无法广泛应用于建筑结构减震领域。本文选择了玻璃纤维、石墨烯、四脚状氧化锌晶须及受阻酚小分子四种增强填料，以同时提高聚氨酯材料的阻尼性能、力学性能并改变其温度特性。通过正交试验设计了不同用量的聚氨酯复合阻尼材料，并进行基本物理力学性能和动态力学性能试验。根据动态热机械分析(DMA)试验结果，利用田口法进行损耗因子峰值tanδ_max、大阻尼温域ΔT_0.5和玻璃化转变温度T_g三个动态力学性能指标的信噪比分析和方差分析，以获得各指标的稳健性。依据各指标的重要性进行权重赋值，由层次分析法(AHP)构建多指标赋权评价方法，得到优化方案。并通过验证试验可知，优化后聚氨酯材料tanδ_max为1.24，ΔT_0.5为57℃，T_g为21.8℃，与初始组相比，其tanδ_max提高了16.98%，ΔT_0.5拓宽了46.91%。
- 聚氨酯 /
- 田口法 /
- 稳健性分析 /
- 方差分析 /
- 阻尼性能
Abstract: The isolation devices and dampers in architectural structure have large force and deformation under strong earthquake or wind, which requires high damping coefficient of damping material, suitable temperature matching with outdoor environment, and large damping temperature range. Currently, polyurethane damping materials are difficult to satisfy the above-mentioned performance indexes simultaneously, therefore they can not be widely used in structure engineering. In this paper, glass fiber, graphene, tetra-needle like ZnO whiskers (T-ZnOw) and hindered phenol were selected to improve the damping, mechanical properties and temperature properties. Through orthogonal design, polyurethane with different additions were prepared. And the robustness of loss peak value (tanδ_max), damping temperature range (ΔT_0.5) and glass transition temperature (T_g) were analyzed based on the dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) test. According to the degree of importance of each index, weight assignment was carried out. The optimization scheme was obtained based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is a multi-index weighting evaluation method. The validation test shows that tanδ_max is 1.24, ΔT_0.5 is 57℃, and T_g is 21.8℃.Compared with the initial group, the improvement rate of tanδ_max reaches 16.98 %, and the improvement rate of ΔT_0.5 reaches 46.91 %.
- polyurethane /
- Taguchi method /
- robustness analysis /
- variance analysis /
- damping performance

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图 1 聚氨酯阻尼材料损耗因子随温度的变化曲线

Figure 1. Curve of loss factor with temperature of polyurethane damping materials

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图 2 聚氨酯阻尼材料的试验指标结果

Figure 2. Results of test indicators of polyurethane damping materials

No. 0—Sample of matrix material

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图 3 聚氨酯阻尼材料的SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images of polyurethane damping materials

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图 4 石墨烯改性聚氨酯阻尼材料的SEM图像

Figure 4. SEM images of polyurethane damping materials modified by graphene

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图 5 聚氨酯阻尼材料tanδ_max信噪比均数分析

Figure 5. Analysis of tanδ_max signal-to-noise ratio means of polyurethane damping materials

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图 6 聚氨酯阻尼材料ΔT_0.5信噪比均数分析

Figure 6. Analysis of ΔT_0.5 signal-to-noise ratio means of polyurethane damping materials

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图 7 聚氨酯阻尼材料T_g信噪比均数分析

Figure 7. Analysis of T_g signal-to-noise ratio means of polyurethane damping materials

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图 8 初始组和优化组的DMA曲线

Figure 8. DMA curves of initial and optimization groups

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表 1 因素水平

Table 1. Factor level

Experimental factor	Factor	Content
Experimental factor	Factor	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
GF	A	10	12	15
T-ZnOw	B	0.3	0.5	0.7
Graphene	C	0.1	0.2	0.3
AO-80	D	10	14	18
Notes: Dosage in the table is 100 phr of polyurethane-epoxy; GF—Glass fiber; T-ZnOw—Tetra-needle like ZnO whiskers.

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表 2 高阻尼聚氨酯材料$ {\rm{L}}_{9}\left({3}^{4}\right) $正交表

Table 2. $ {\rm{L}}_{9}\left({3}^{4}\right) $ orthogonal table of high damping polyurethane materials

Number	Specimen	A	B	C	D
1	A1B1C1D1	10	0.3	0.1	10
2	A1B2C2D2	10	0.5	0.2	14
3	A1B3C3D3	10	0.7	0.3	18
4	A2B1C2D3	12	0.3	0.2	18
5	A2B2C3D1	12	0.5	0.3	10
6	A2B3C1D2	12	0.7	0.1	14
7	A3B1C3D2	15	0.3	0.3	14
8	A3B2C1D3	15	0.5	0.1	18
9	A3B3C2D1	15	0.7	0.2	10
Notes: A, B, C and D—Factors; 1, 2 and 3—Factor level in Table 1.

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表 3 聚氨酯阻尼材料样品的基本物理力学性能指标

Table 3. Basic physical mechanical properties of polyurethane damping material specimens

Sample number	Hardness^[18]/HA	Tensile strength^[19]/MPa	Elongation at break^[19]/%	Compression set^[21]/%	Tear strength^[20]/MPa
1	71	13	700	13	40
2	74	20	650	6	51
3	74	16	700	17	39
4	74	20	730	16	40
5	67	15	655	14	40
6	66	13	650	13	29
7	68	14	670	27	32
8	67	15	690	35	39
9	71	18	655	14	37

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表 4 聚氨酯阻尼材料DMA试验结果及其信噪比(S/N)

Table 4. Results and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of DMA test for polyurethane damping materials

Number	Specimen	tanδ_max		ΔT_0.5		T_g
Number	Specimen	Value	S/N/dB	Value/℃	S/N/dB	Value /℃	S/N/dB
1	A1B1C1D1	0.87	−1.21	30	29.54	11.8	18.3
2	A1B2C2D2	0.9	−0.92	38.2	31.64	18	6.0
3	A1B3C3D3	1.04	0.34	42	32.46	18.9	0.8
4	A2B1C2D3	1.25	1.94	52.8	34.45	22	6.0
5	A2B2C3D1	1.06	0.51	40	32.04	21.2	1.6
6	A2B3C1D2	1.06	0.51	38.8	31.78	18.9	0.8
7	A3B1C3D2	1.1	0.83	41.4	32.34	21.1	0.8
8	A3B2C1D3	1.14	1.14	39.7	31.98	22	6.0
9	A3B3C2D1	1	0	36.2	31.17	16	12.0
Average		—	0.35	—	32.03	—	5.8

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表 5 聚氨酯阻尼材料损耗因子峰值tanδ_max信噪比

Table 5. Noise-signal ratio for loss peak value tanδ_maxof polyurethane damping materials

Name	Level 1/dB	Level 2/dB	Level 3/dB	DIF
A:GF	−0.59	0.98	0.66	1.57
B:T-ZnOw	0.52	0.24	0.28	0.28
C:Graphene	0.14	0.34	0.56	0.42
D:AO-80	−0.23	0.14	1.14	1.37
Average(S/N)=0.35				—
Notes: DIF—Difference between the maximum and minimum signal-to-noise ratio; GF—Glass fiber.

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表 6 聚氨酯阻尼材料tanδ_max信噪比方差分析

Table 6. Variance analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of tanδ_maxof polyurethane damping materials

Name	Freedom	Sum of square	Variance	F
A	2	1.39	0.70	21.22
B	2	0.05	0.02	0.69
C	2	0.09	0.04	1.31
D	2	1	0.50	15.27
Error	0	0	—	—
Sum	8	2.52	—	—
(Error)	(4)	(0.13)	(0.03)	—
Notes: Meanings of the values in the table are given in Ref. [12]; F—Ratio of the two mean square (effect term/error term).

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表 7 聚氨酯阻尼材料大阻尼温域ΔT_0.5因素信噪比

Table 7. Noise-signal ratio for damping temperature range ΔT_0.5of polyurethane damping materials

Name	Level 1/dB	Level 2/dB	Level 3/dB	DIF
A	31.22	32.76	31.83	1.54
B	32.11	31.89	31.81	0.3
C	31.10	32.42	32.28	1.32
D	30.92	31.92	32.96	2.04
Average(S/N)=32.03				—

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表 8 聚氨酯阻尼材料ΔT_0.5信噪比方差分析

Table 8. Variance analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of ΔT_0.5of polyurethane damping materials

Name	Freedom	Sum of square	Variance	F
A	2	1.203	0.60	24.90
B	2	0.048	0.02	1.00
C	2	1.052	0.53	21.77
D	2	2.081	1.04	43.09
Error	0	0	—	—
Sum	8	4.38	—	—
(Error)	(2)	(0.048)	(0.02)	—

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表 9 聚氨酯阻尼材料玻璃化转变温度T_g因素信噪比

Table 9. Noise-signal ratio for glass transition temperature T_gof polyurethane damping materials

Name	Level 1/dB	Level2 /dB	Level 3/dB	DIF
A	8.37	2.81	6.3	5.56
B	8.37	4.54	4.57	3.87
C	8.37	8.03	1.08	7.3
D	10.63	2.56	4.29	6.34
Average(S/N)=5.83				—

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表 10 聚氨酯阻尼材料T_g信噪比方差分析

Table 10. Variance analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of T_g of polyurethane damping materials

Name	Freedom	Sum of square	Variance	F
A	2	15.79	7.90	1.63
B	2	9.7	4.85	1.00
C	2	33.85	16.93	3.49
D	2	36.1	18.1	3.72
Error	0	0	—	—
Sum	8	95.44	—	—
(Error)	(2)	(9.7)	(4.85)	—

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表 11 AHP赋权法综合评估结果

Table 11. Comprehensive evaluation results of AHP weighting method

Factor		tanδ_max	ΔT_0.5/℃	T_g/℃	Weight coefficient
Criteria weight		0.143	0.286	0.571	Weight coefficient
Scheme	A2B1C3D3	0.571	0.286	0.143	0.347
	A2B1C2D3	0.286	0.571	0.286	0.449
	A1B1C1D1	0.143	0.143	0.571	0.204
Notes: Meanings of the values in the table are given in Ref. [12]; AHP—Analytic Hierarchy Process.

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表 12 高阻尼聚氨酯材料阻尼性能试验验证

Table 12. Experimental verification of damping performance of polyurethane damping materials

Quality characteristic target	Initial group	Optimization group		Improvement/ dB	Improvement rate/%
Quality characteristic target	Initial group	Predicted	Measured	Improvement/ dB	Improvement rate/%
tanδ_max	1.06	—	1.24	0.18	16.98
S/N of tanδ_max	0.51	2.01	1.87	1.36	266.67
ΔT_0.5/℃	38.8	—	53	14.2	36.60
S/N of ΔT_0.5	31.78	34.96	34.48	2.7	8.50
T_g/℃	18.9	—	21.8	−0.7	−3.70
S/N of T_g	0.83	6.02	5.11	—	—

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