铁氧体及其复合吸波材料的研究进展

赵佳; 姚艳青; 杨煊赫; 柴春鹏

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200727.002

铁氧体及其复合吸波材料的研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200727.002

北京理工大学　材料学院，北京 100081

详细信息

通讯作者:
柴春鹏，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为树脂基复合材料、吸波材料等　E-mail：chaicp@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-21
- 录用日期: 2020-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-15

Research progress of ferrite and its composite absorbing materials

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 吸波材料既可减少电磁污染，又能达到军事装备隐身的目的，要求具有“薄、轻、宽、强”的特点。铁氧体吸波材料阻抗匹配较好，吸收强，研究早且使用多。但铁氧体吸波材料的密度大、吸收频带窄、热稳定性差的缺点限制了其应用。通过离子取代，设计微观形貌，与碳材料、高分子材料、MXene等进行复合，可有效提高铁氧体吸波材料的综合性能。本文总结了改善铁氧体吸波材料性能的主要方法及近几年的研究进展，并展望了进一步的研究方向。
- 铁氧体 /
- 吸波材料 /
- 离子取代 /
- 微观形貌设计 /
- 复合材料
Abstract: Absorbing materials can not only reduce electromagnetic pollution, but also achieve the purpose of military equipment stealth, which require the characteristics of “thin, light, wide, strong”. Ferrite absorbing materials have good impedance matching, strong absorption, and have been studied early and used many times. However, the disadvantages of high density, narrow absorption band and poor thermal stability limit the application of ferrite absorbing materials. By substituting ions, designing micromorphology, synthetizing composites of ferrite and carbon materials, polymer materials or MXene, the comprehensive properties of ferrite absorbing materials can be improved effectively. In this paper, main methods to improve the properties of ferrite absorbing materials and the research progress in recent years are summarized, and the further research direction is prospected.
- ferrite /
- absorbing materials /
- ion substitution /
- micromorphology design /
- composites

HTML全文

图 1 纳米Sr_1–_xLa_xFe₁₂O₁₉粉末(6 mm)^[14] (a)和Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Nd_xFe_2–_xO₄纳米铁氧体(8.5 mm)^[15] (b)的反射损耗曲线

Figure 1. Reflection loss curves of nano Sr_1–_xLa_xFe₁₂O₁₉ powder (6 mm)^[14] (a) and Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Nd_xFe_2–_xO₄ nano ferrite (8.5 mm)^[15] (b)

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图 2 Sr₃(CuZn)_xCo₂₍₁₋_x₎Fe₂₄O₄₁(x=0.4)片状粉晶的SEM图像^[22] (a)、Ni_xZn₍₁₋_x₎Fe₂O₄(x=0.5)纳米纤维的FESEM图像^[26] (b)、Co_xFe₃₋_xO₄微球的FESEM图像^[29] (c)及介孔NiCo₂O₄纳米结构的TEM图像^[32] (d)

Figure 2. SEM image of Sr₃(CuZn)_xCo₂₍₁₋_x₎Fe₂₄O₄₁(x=0.4) flake powder crystal^[22] (a), FESEM image of Ni_xZn₍₁₋_x₎Fe₂O₄ (x=0.5) nanofibers^[26] (b), FESEM image of Co_xFe₃₋_xO₄ microspheres^[29] (c), and TEM image of mesoporous NiCo₂O₄ nanostructures^[32] (d)

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图 3 Fe₃O₄/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合吸波材料的电磁波衰减机制(a)、随频率变化的Fe₃O₄和Fe₃O₄/CNTs复合材料的Z值(|输入阻抗Z_in/自由空间阻抗Z₀|) (b)、Fe₃O₄和Fe₃O₄/CNTs复合材料的电损耗正切角(c)^[35]

Figure 3. Electromagnetic wave attenuation mechanism of Fe₃O₄/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite absorbing materials (a), Frequency-dependent Z values (|Input impedance Z_in/free-space impedance Z₀|) of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄/CNTs composites (b), Dielectric loss of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄/CNTs composites (c)^[35]

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图 4 Co_0.2Ni_0.4Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄/石墨烯(CNZF/GN)复合材料的微波损耗机制^[40]

Figure 4. Microwave loss mechanism of Co_0.2Ni_0.4Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄/ graphene (CNZF/GN) composites^[40]

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图 5 N掺杂还原氧化石墨烯(NRGO)/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄复合材料的制备示意图(a)、SEM图像(b)和反射损耗曲线(c)^[45]

Figure 5. Schematic of preparation (a), SEM image (b), reflection loss curves (c) of N-doped reduced graphene oxide(NRGO)/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ composites^[45]

EAB—Effective absorption bandwidth; d—Thickness

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图 6 双层微波吸收材料反射损耗曲线: (a) 纳米碳纤维(CNFs)单层吸收剂; (b) 中空Ba₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂微纤维(Co₂Y-MFs)单层吸收剂; (c) CNFs作吸收层，Co₂Y-MFs作匹配层的双层吸收剂; (d) Co₂Y-MFs作吸收层，CNFs作匹配层的双层吸收剂^[48]

Figure 6. Reflection loss curves of double-layer structural absorbers: (a) Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) monolayer absorbent; (b) Hollow Ba₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ microfibers (Co₂Y-MFs) monolayer absorbent; (c) Double-layer absorbent that CNFs as absorption layer, Co₂Y-MFs as matching layer; (d) Double-layer absorbent that Co₂Y-MFs as absorption layer, CNFs as matching layer^[48]

d₁, d₂—Thickness of absorption layer (Layer 1) and matching layer (Layer 2), respectively; PEC—Perfect electric conductor

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图 7 Fe₃O₄@聚吡咯(PPy)复合微球的形成机制(a)、TEM图像(b)和反射损耗曲线(c)^[55]

Figure 7. Formation mechanism (a), TEM image (b) and reflection loss curves (c)of Fe₃O₄@polypyrrole (PPy) composite microspheres^[55]

p-TSA—p-toluenesulfonic acid; PVA—Poly(vinyl alcohol); APS—Ammonium persulfate

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图 8 Ti₃C₂ MXene示意图^[63]

Figure 8. Schematic illustration of Ti₃C₂ MXene^[63]

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图 9 CoFe₂O₄-Ti₃C₂复合材料的示意图(a)、SEM图像(b)和微波吸收机制示意图(c)^[63]

Figure 9. Schematic illustration (a), SEM image (b) and schematic of microwave absorption mechanism (c) of CoFe₂O₄-Ti₃C₂ composites^[63]

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图 10 Ti₃C₂-Fe₃O₄-聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料的制备示意图^[67] (a)和吸收机制^[67] (b)及还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)-锶铁氧体(SF)-PANI复合材料^[66] (c)和Ti₃C₂-Fe₃O₄-PANI复合材料^[67] (d)的反射损失曲线

Figure 10. Schematic of preparation^[67] (a) and absorption mechanism^[67] (b) of Ti₃C₂-Fe₃O₄-polyaniline (PANI) composite and reflection loss curves of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-strontium ferrite (SF)-PANI composite^[66] (c) and Ti₃C₂-Fe₃O₄-PANI composite^[67] (d)

EM—Electromagnetic

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表 1 SrFe_12–_xRu_xO₁₉的吸收频率、频带宽、最小反射损耗(RL)、最佳厚度和矫顽力^[13]

Table 1. Absorption frequency, bandwidth, minimum reflection loss (RL), optimum thickness and coercive force of SrFe_12–_xRu_xO₁₉^[13]

x	0	0.5	1.0	1.3	1.5
Absorption frequency/GHz	—	14.2−18	7.8−14.35	7.8−13.67	4.15−7.76
Bandwidth/GHz	—	3.8	6.55	5.87	3.61
Minimum RL/dB	—	−17.6	−31.16	−32.0	−33.3
Optimal thickness/mm	—	1.7	2.3	2.3	3.5
Coercive force H_c/kOe	4.43	2.66	0.552	0.495	0.438
Note: x is the content of Ru element.

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