活性炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

张庆法; 任夏瑾; 吴娟娟; 于文凡; 徐航; 蔡红珍

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200224.001

活性炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200224.001

山东理工大学　农业工程与食品科学学院　山东省清洁能源工程技术研究中心，淄博 255000

基金项目: 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019MEE036)；国家重点研发计划项目课题(2018YFD1101001)；山东省泰山学者特聘专家工程专项；山东省高等学校优势学科人才团队培育计划

详细信息

通讯作者:
蔡红珍，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为农业工程　E-mail：chzh666666@126.com

中图分类号: TM332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-04
- 录用日期: 2019-12-31
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-15

Mechanical properties of activated carbon/high density polyethylene composites

Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China

摘要

摘要: 以稻壳为原料，以H₃PO₄、KOH、ZnCl₂为活化剂在600℃条件下制备三种活性炭，以生物炭、三种活性炭为填料填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制备生物炭/HDPE复合材料和活性炭/HDPE复合材料，并对其力学性能进行测试和分析。结果表明，活性炭比生物炭具有更高的比表面积和发达的孔隙结构，其中经H₃PO₄活化制备的活性炭比表面积最高，为714.27 m²/g；活性炭/HDPE复合材料比生物炭/HDPE复合材料具有更佳的力学性能，相对于其他材料而言，经H₃PO₄活化制备的活性炭/HDPE复合材料具有较佳的弯曲性能、拉伸性能、刚性、弹性、抗蠕变性能及抗应力松弛能力，其弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别为38.66 MPa、2.46 GPa、32.17 MPa、1.95 GPa。本研究可为活性炭的材料化利用提供有益的借鉴经验。
- 活性炭 /
- 高密度聚乙烯(HDPE) /
- 复合材料 /
- 力学性能 /
- 生物炭
Abstract: Three kinds of activated carbon were prepared from rice husk with H₃PO₄, KOH, ZnCl₂ as activating agents at 600℃. The biochar and three kinds of activated carbon were used to reinforce high density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare biochar/HDPE composites and activated carbon/HDPE composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were tested and analyzed. The results show that higher specific surface area and more developed pore structure are obtained in activated carbon than in biochar, and better mechanical properties are obtained in activated carbon/HDPE composites than biochar/HDPE composites. Besides, the highest specific surface area of 714.27m²/g is obtained in activated carbon which is activated by H₃PO₄ (activated carbon(H₃PO₄)), and better comprehensive mechanical properties are obtained for activated carbon(H₃PO₄)/HDPE composite due to its excellent flexural properties, tensile properties, rigidity, elasticity, creep resistance and anti-stress relaxation ability. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus of the activated carbon(H₃PO₄)/HDPE composite are 38.66 MPa, 2.46 GPa, 32.17 MPa and 1.95 GPa, respectively. This study can provide useful experience for utilization of activated carbon in composites.
- activated carbon /
- high density polyethylene(HDPE) /
- composites /
- mechanical properties /
- biochar

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图 1 生物炭和三种活性炭的FTIR图谱

Figure 1. FTIR spectra of biochar and three activated carbons

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图 2 高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的接触角

Figure 2. Contact angles of high density polyethylene (HDPE), biochar/HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 3 HDPE、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲性能

Figure 3. Flexural properties of HDPE, biochar /HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 4 HDPE、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的拉伸性能

Figure 4. Tensile properties of HDPE, biochar/HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 5 HDPE、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的动态黏弹性

Figure 5. Dynamic visco-elasticity of HDPE, biochar /HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 6 HDPE、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的蠕变行为

Figure 6. Creep behavior of HDPE, biochar/HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 7 HDPE、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的应力松弛行为

Figure 7. Stress relaxation behavior of HDPE, biochar /HDPE composite and three activated carbon/HDPE composites

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图 8 生物炭、三种活性炭、生物炭/HDPE复合材料和三种活性炭/HDPE复合材料的SEM图像

Figure 8. SEM images of biochar, three activated carbons,biochar /HDPE composite and three activated /HDPE composites

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表 1 活性炭编号

Table 1. Number of activated carbon

No.	Activating agent
HAC	H₃PO₄
KAC	KOH
ZnAC	ZnCl₂

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表 2 生物炭和三种活性炭孔隙特性

Table 2. Pore characteristics of biochar and three activated carbons

Sample	S_BET/(m²·g⁻¹)	V_total/(cm³·g⁻¹)	D_ave/nm
Biochar	297.36	0.15	8.96
HAC	714.27	0.37	2.10
KAC	486.18	0.28	2.32
ZnAC	701.94	0.48	2.75
Notes: S_BET—Specific surface area; V_total—Total pore volume; D_ave—Average pore size.

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