Tensile failure mechanism of carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint
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摘要: 通过试验及数值模拟对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头轴向拉伸失效机制进行研究。基于ABAQUS有限元软件,通过连续介质损伤模型及内聚区模型,分别对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头各部件及界面进行模拟,编写用户自定义材料子程序(UMAT),建立复合材料的渐进损伤模型,最终得到碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头的应力分布和载荷-位移曲线,并与试验结果对比确定结构的失效机制。结果表明:有限元分析所得碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头损伤部位及失效模式与试验吻合,失效载荷与试验值相差较小,证明仿真分析方法的有效性。通过对比失效模式发现,拉伸载荷作用下,链环是主承力部件,其弧形端部是应力集中处,纤维断裂即从此处开始发生并向外扩展,导致链环断裂及整体结构破坏。Abstract: The axial tensile failure mechanism of carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint was studied by means of experiment and simulation. Based on ABAQUS, the continuum damage model and cohesive zone model were used to simulate each part and interface of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint, respectively. The progressive damage model of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite was established by writing user-defined material subroutine(UMAT). As a result, the stress distribution and load-displacement curve of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint were obtained and the failure mechanism of the structure was determined by comparison with the experimental results. The results show that the calculated damage position and failure modes of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint agree well with the experimental results, and the difference between the calculated value and test value of the failure load is small, which proves the validity of the simulation analysis method. By comparing the failure modes, it is found that under tensile load, the loop plies are the main bearing component, and the curved end of which is the position where the stress is concentrated. The fiber fracture starts from here and gradually spreads outward until the loop plies fracture, which leads to the structural damage.
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Key words:
- winding joint /
- composite /
- axial tensile /
- failure mechanism /
- cohesive zone model
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表 1 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的性能参数
Table 1. Properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composite
CCF300/BA9916-Ⅱ CF3031/BA9916-Ⅱ E11/GPa 120 60 E22/GPa 7.7 59 E33/GPa 7.7 7.7 μ12=μ13=μ23 0.27 0.05 G12=G13/GPa 5.5 6.4 G23/GPa 5.5 6.4 XT/MPa 1 400 500 XC/MPa 1 300 450 YT/MPa 35 450 YC/MPa 160 455 ZT/MPa 35 50 ZC/MPa 160 155 S12=S13/MPa 163 105 S23/MPa 86 83 Notes: Eii (i, j=1, 2, 3)—Elastic modulus in direction of fibre, perpendicular to fibre in plane and out of plane; XT, YT, ZT—Tensile strength in the three directions above, respectively; XC, YC, ZC—Compress strength in the three directions above, respectively; μij, Gij, Sij (i, j=1, 2, 3)—Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus and shear strength for 1-2, 1-3, 2-3 plane, respectively. 表 2 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头轴向拉伸试验结果
Table 2. Axial tensile load test results of carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint
Specimen number Failure load/kN Average load/kN Coefficient of variation/% T-1 41.94 41.07 6.49 T-2 38.73 T-3 38.56 T-4 45.06 表 3 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头性能退化方式
Table 3. Degradation modes of carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint
Failure mode Stiffness degradation of material Tensile fracture of fiber ${E'_{11}} = 0.07{E_{11}}$ Compression fracture of fiber ${E'_{11}} = 0.14{E_{11}}$ Tensile cracking of matrix ${E'_{22}} = 0.2{E_{22}},{G'_{12}} = 0.2{G_{12}},{G'_{23}} = 0.2{G_{23}}$ Compression cracking of matrix ${E'_{22}} = 0.4{E_{22}},{G'_{12}} = 0.4{G_{12}},{G'_{23}} = 0.4{G_{23}}$ Delamination ${E'_{33} } = {G'_{13} } = {G'_{23} } = {v'_{13} } = {v'_{23} } = 0$ 表 4 J-116B结构胶材料属性
Table 4. Material properties of J-116B
$E/{E_{ {\rm{nn} } } }/({\rm{MPa} }{\rm{\cdot m} }{ {\rm{m} }^{ {\rm{ - 1} } } })$ ${G_1}/{E_{ {\rm{ss} } } }/({\rm{MPa} }{\rm{\cdot m} }{ {\rm{m} }^{ {\rm{ - 1} } } })$ ${G_2}/{E_{ {\rm{tt} } } }/({\rm{MPa} }{\rm{\cdot m} }{ {\rm{m} }^{ {\rm{ - 1} } } })$ $t_{\rm{n}}^0/{\rm{MPa}}$ $t_{\rm{s}}^0/{\rm{MPa}}$ $t_{\rm{t}}^0/{\rm{MPa}}$ ${G^{\rm{C} } }/({\rm{J} }{\rm{\cdot} }{ {\rm{m} }^{\rm{ - } } }^{\rm{2} })$ 1 000 300 300 20 30 30 2 Notes:$E/{E_{{\rm{nn}}}}$, ${G_1}/{E_{{\rm{ss}}}}$, ${G_2}/{E_{{\rm{tt}}}}$—Interface stiffness for three directions, respectively; $t_{\rm{n}}^0$, $t_{\rm{t}}^0$, $t_{\rm{t}}^0$—Interface strength for three directions, respectively. 表 5 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料缠绕接头部分测点应变仿真值与试验值对比
Table 5. Comparison of simulation and test values of some stain gauges on carbon fiber/epoxy composite winding joint
Strain gauge number Simulation value/10−6 Test value/10−6 Error/% 7 −420 −745 43.62 9 619 479 29.23 11 1 993 1 861 7.09 23 4 124 4 285 3.76 25 1 863 1 754 6.21 -
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