Preparation and properties of micro-nano polyacrylonitrile/sheath-core polyethylene-polypropylene bicomponent fiber multilayer composite filters
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摘要: 采用静电纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维收集在皮芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯(PE-PP)双组分微米纤维网上,制备PAN/PE-PP单层复合纤维网,再将多个单层复合纤维网层层堆叠,经热黏合加固,制备PAN/PE-PP多层复合空气过滤材料,研究了PAN/PE-PP复合纤维网的层数和纺丝时间对其孔径及过滤性能的影响。结果表明:多层复合的方式可得到与单层复合材料相似的孔径参数,但两种材料的孔道结构不同。在总面密度和总纺丝时间一定时,当PAN/PE-PP复合纤维网的层数大于10层时,PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的过滤效率和品质因子QF均明显大于PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料,阻力略微增大;其中,相较PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料,20层PAN/PE-PP复合过滤材料对≥0.3 μm颗粒的过滤效率提高了33%,阻力增加了5 Pa,QF值提高了30%。当总面密度和层数一定时,延长静电纺丝时间≥210 min,20层PAN/PE-PP复合过滤材料对颗粒的过滤效率可提高至90%以上,但阻力也急剧增大,因此静电纺丝时间为210 min的PAN/PE-PP多层复合材料的过滤性能最佳。因此,与相同面密度的PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料相比,PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的过滤性能明显提高;微纳米纤维多层复合法是制备高效低阻复合空气过滤材料的有效方法。Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and collected on sheath-core polyethylene-polypropylene (PE-PP) bicomponent microfiber web to prepare PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite fiber webs. Then several monolayer composite webs were stacked and strengthened by thermal bonding to prepare PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters. The effects of the number of layers of PAN/PE-PP composite webs and electrospinning time on the pore size and the filtration performance were studied. The results show that the pore size parameters of multilayer composite materials are similar with that of monolayer composite material, but the pore structures of the two materials are different. At the same total areal density and total electrospinning time, when the number of layers of PAN/PE-PP composite webs is more than 10, the filtration efficiency and quality factor QF of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters are significantly larger than that of PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter, and the resistance is increased slightly. Compared with PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter, the filtration efficiency of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter to ≥0.3 μm particles is increased by 33%, the resistance is increased by 5 Pa, and the QF is increased by 30%. At the same total areal density and number of layers, when the electrospinning time is prolonged to more than 210 min, the filtration efficiency of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter can be increased to more than 90%, but the resistance also increases sharply, hence the filtration performance of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter with electrospinning time of 210 min is the best. Therefore, compared with PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter with the same areal density, the filtration performance of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters is obviously improved. The micro-nano fiber multilayer composite method is an effective method to prepare high efficiency and low resistance composite air filters.
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表 1 微纳米聚丙烯腈/皮芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯双组分纤维(PAN/PE-PP)多层复合过滤材料的设计参数
Table 1. Parameters of micro-nano polyacrylonitrile/sheath-core polyethylene-polypropylene bicomponent fiber (PAN/PE-PP) multilayer composite filters
Parameter 1L-120T 5L-120T 10L-120T 15L-120T 20L-120T 20L-150T 20L-180T 20L-210T 20L-240T 20L-270T Areal density of each micro-fiber web/(g·m−2) 150 30 15 10 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Number of layers of composite web/layer 1 5 10 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 Electrospinning time of each layer/min 120 24 12 8 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 Total electrospinning time/min 120 120 120 120 120 150 180 210 240 270 Notes: L—Number of layers of composite webs; T—Total electrospinning time. 表 2 PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的基本性能
Table 2. Basic properties of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters
Property 1L-120T 5L-120T 10L-120T 15L-120T 20L-120T 20L-150T 20L-180T 20L-210T 20L-240T 20L-270T Average thickness/mm 2.706 2.468 2.526 2.494 2.728 2.540 2.516 2.758 2.612 2.711 Actual areal density/(g·m−2) 152.43 147.15 156.84 146.71 154.2 151.11 145.83 148.03 150.62 151.58 Volume density/(g·m−3) 56 330 59 623 62 090 58 825 56 525 59 492 57 961 53 673 57 665 55 913 Air permeability/(mm·s−1) 514.98 827.68 687.88 525.08 446.94 391.76 289.86 247.86 121.45 65.26 表 3 PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的孔径
Table 3. Pore sizes of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters
Sample Average pore size/μm Maximum pore size/μm Minimum pore size/μm Two maximum distributed pore size range/μm 1L-120T 16.87 28.23 1.34 0–15 (55.23%), 15–30 (39.16%) 5L-120T 22.45 53.15 1.91 15–30(61.92%), 0–15 (22.53%) 10L-120T 21.59 53.23 1.76 15–30(65.23%), 0–15(26.49%) 15L-120T 19.07 46.84 1.74 15–30(50.96%), 0–15(42.90%) 20L-120T 17.55 37.38 1.42 0–15(50.41%), 15–30(41.78%) 20L-150T 14.98 31.69 1.38 0–15(59.13%), 15–30(35.62%) 20L-180T 9.37 27.93 1.12 0–15(80.65%), 15–30(16.03%) 20L-210T 7.53 25.35 0.97 0–15(88.99%), 15–30(6.49%) 20L-240T 7.05 22.16 0.90 0–15(89.84%), 15–30(6.23%) 20L-270T 6.39 21.71 0.78 0–15(92.08%), 15–30(4.93%) 表 4 PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的分级过滤效率
Table 4. Graded filtration efficiencies of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters
Diameter 1L-120T 5L-120T 10L-120T 15L-120T 20L-120T 20L-150T 20L-180T 20L-210T 20L-240T 20L-270T ≥0.3 μm 38.53 31.38 37.14 43.78 57.80 57.86 82.06 88.03 92.52 96.23 ≥1 μm 74.65 63.97 72.04 83.31 90.81 92.84 98.77 99.46 99.99 100.00 ≥2.5 μm 89.31 87.71 93.48 95.40 99.53 99.84 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ≥4 μm 92.53 92.82 98.38 99.95 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 -
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