Tribological properties of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/polytetrafluoroethylene composites based on orthogonal design in sand-dust environment
-
摘要: 以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为基体,采用正交实验法研究了纳米蛇纹石(nano Serpentine)、纳米氧化镧 (nano La2O3)和环境三种因素对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。采用自制沙尘模拟装置改进现有的 MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料进行摩擦学实验。通过SEM观察试样磨损表面和转移膜形貌,分析nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料磨损机制。结果表明:环境因素对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数影响最大,干摩擦摩擦系数比沙尘环境下摩擦系数低;nano Serpentine含量对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料的磨损率影响最大,当nano Serpentine质量分数为9wt%时,nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料的总体磨损率最低。nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,沙尘环境的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。
-
关键词:
- 聚四氟乙烯(PTFE) /
- 复合材料 /
- 正交实验 /
- 沙尘环境 /
- 摩擦学性能
Abstract: The effects of nano Serpentine, nano La2O3 and environmental factors on the tribological properties of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) composites were investigated by orthogonal test. The self-made sand-dust environment simulation device was used to improve the existing MMU-5G friction and wear tester, and the tribological experiment was carried out using the test machine. The wear surface and transfer film morphology of the nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites were observed by SEM and the wear mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the friction coefficient of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites is greatly influenced by the environmental factors and the friction coefficient of dry friction is lower than that in sand-dust environment. The nano Serpentine content has the greatest influence on the wear rate of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites. When the nano Serpentine mass fraction is 9wt%, the wear rate of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites is the lowest. The wear mechanism of dry friction is mainly adhesive wear, and the wear mechanism in sand-dust environment is mainly abrasive wear. -
表 1 纳米蛇纹石-纳米La2O3/聚四氟乙烯(nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE)复合材料在沙尘环境下的摩擦正交实验
Table 1. Friction orthogonal experiment of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites in sand-dust environment
Specimen number Mass fraction
of nano
Serpentine/wt%Mass fraction
of nano
La2O3/wt%Environment 1 3 2 Dry friction 2 3 4 Sand blowing 3 3 6 Weak sandstorm 4 3 8 Medium-intensity sandstorm 5 6 2 Sand blowing 6 6 4 Dry friction 7 6 6 Medium-intensity sandstorm 8 6 8 Weak sandstorm 9 9 2 Weak sandstorm 10 9 4 Medium-intensity sandstorm 11 9 6 Dry friction 12 9 8 Sand blowing 13 12 2 Medium-intensity sandstorm 14 12 4 Weak sandstorm 15 12 6 Sand blowing 16 12 8 Dry friction 表 2 各水平对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料在沙尘环境下摩擦系数的影响
Table 2. Influence of each level on friction coefficient of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites in sand-dust environment
Serial number Nano Serpentine friction coefficient Nano La2O3 friction coefficient Environment friction coefficient K1 0.669 0.739 0.555 K2 0.772 0.731 0.748 K3 0.679 0.714 0.823 K4 0.771 0.707 0.766 Note: K represents the sum of experimental results corresponding to any level sign i (i =1, 2, 3, 4). 表 3 各因素对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料在沙尘环境下摩擦系数的影响
Table 3. Influence of various factors on friction coefficient of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites in sand-dust environment
Source of variance Sum of squared deviation Degree of freedom Variance estimation F Fα Significant Nano Serpentine 0.002380450 3 0.000793483 0.992231227 F0.1(3,6) = 3.460 2 Nano La2O3 0.000168630 3 0.000056210 0.070289201 F0.95(3,6) = 0.112 1 Environment 0.010189901 3 0.003396634 4.247406314 F0.975(3,6) = 0.068 3 Experimental error 0.004798176 6 0.000799696 Total variance 0.017537156 15 Notes: F—Statistical value of F test; $ {F}_{\alpha } $—Critical value of F test. 表 4 各水平对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料在沙尘环境下磨损率的影响
Table 4. Influence of each level on wear rate of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites in sand-dust environment
10−5 mm3(N·m)−1 Serial number Nano Serpentine wear rate Nano La2O3 wear rate Environment wear rate K1 17.589 13.152 11.022 K2 9.886 10.460 9.664 K3 9.871 11.501 12.294 K4 9.989 12.223 14.355 表 5 各因素对nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE复合材料在沙尘环境下磨损率的影响
Table 5. Influence of various factors on wear rate of nano Serpentine-nano La2O3/PTFE composites in sand-dust environment
Source of variance Sum of squared deviation Degree of freedom Variance estimation F Fα Significant Nano Serpentine 11.044695180 3 3.68156506 8.766155311 F0.025(3,6) = 6.60 2 Nano La2O3 0.971700311 3 0.323900104 0.771236843 F0.95(3,6) = 0.1112 1 Environment 2.982936867 3 0.994312289 2.367551792 1 Experimental error 2.519849304 6 0.419974884 Total variance 17.519181660 15 -
[1] QI J W, WANG L P, YAN F Y, et al. Ultra-high tribological performance of magnetron sputtered a-C:H films in sand-dust environment[J]. Tribology Letters,2010,38:195-205. [2] LI C X, YAN F Y. A comparative investigation of the wear behaviour of PTFE and PI under dry sliding and simulated sand-dust condition[J]. Wear,2009,266(7-8):632-638. [3] 刘先科. PTFE基自润滑复合材料制备工艺与性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2006.LIU X K. Preparation and properties of PTFE-based self-lubricating composites[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2006(in Chinese). [4] 王子君, 潘德仁. 自润滑塑料保持架在固体润滑轴承中的应用[J]. 轴承, 1999(6):11-13.WANG Z J, PAN D R. Application of self-lubricating plastic cage in solid lubricated bearings[J]. Bearing,1999(6):11-13(in Chinese). [5] 王枫, 孙小波, 时连卫. 改性聚四氟乙烯基自润滑轴承保持架材料[J]. 轴承, 2012(2):59-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3762.2012.02.017WANG F, SUN X B, SHI L W. Self-lubricating bearing cage materials made of modified PTFE-based composites[J]. Bearing,2012(2):59-62(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3762.2012.02.017 [6] 靳国栋, 郭金芳, 李建华. 聚四氟乙烯复合保持架材料的试验对比分析[J]. 轴承, 2013(2):41-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3762.2013.04.015JIN G D, GUO J F, LI J H. Experimental comparative analysis of polytetrafluoroethylene composite cage materials[J]. Bearing,2013(2):41-43(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3762.2013.04.015 [7] 齐效文, 杨育林, 范兵利. 羟基硅酸镁粉体添加剂含量对金属表面自修复膜生成的影响及机制[J]. 润滑与密封, 2007, 32(6):46-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2007.06.013QI X W, YANG Y L, FAN B L. Effect and mechanism of magnesium hydroxy silicate powder additive content on the formation of self-repairing film on metal surface[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2007,32(6):46-49(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2007.06.013 [8] 闫艳红, 肖宏, 杨育林. 金属自修复添加剂浓度对铸铁/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 中国表面工程, 2008, 21(3):35-39.YAN Y H, XIAO H, YANG Y L. Effect of metal self-repairing additive concentration on friction and wear properties of cast iron/cast iron friction pair[J]. China Surface Engineering,2008,21(3):35-39(in Chinese). [9] 曾群锋, 杨艳玲, 谢仕芳, 等. 纳米稀土润滑油添加剂的研究应用现状[J]. 江西科学, 2014, 32(4):421-427.ZENG Q F, YANG Y L, XIE S F, et al. Research and application status of nano-rare earth lubricant additives[J]. Jiangxi Science,2014,32(4):421-427(in Chinese). [10] 熊党生, 陈磊, 王振中. La2O3填充PA1010复合材料的摩擦磨损性能[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2001, 11(4):611-615. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-0609.2001.04.016XIONG D S, CHEN L, WANG Z Z. Friction and wear properties of PA1010 composites filled with La2O3[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(4):611-615(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-0609.2001.04.016 [11] 张保森, 徐滨士. 纳米氧化镧对超细蛇纹石微粉热相变行为的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2013, 34(12):18-23.ZHANG B S, XU B S. Thermal phase transition behavior of nanometer lanthanum oxide on ultrafine serpentine micro powder[J]. Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,2013,34(12):18-23(in Chinese). [12] HARSHA A P. An investigation on low stress abrasive were characteristics of high performance engineering thermoplastic polymers[J]. Wear,2011,271(5-6):942-951. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.03.019 [13] RAMADAN M A. Friction and wear of sand-contaminated lubricated sliding[J]. Friction,2018,6(4):457-463. [14] 贾志宁. 纳米粒子增强PTFE和PI基复合材料摩擦学性能及研究影响[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2013.JIA Z N. Tribological properties and applications of PTFE & PI composites filled with nanoparticles[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2013(in Chinese). [15] 彭凯旋. PTFE基复合材料在潮湿环境下的摩擦磨损性能研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2018.PENG K X. Study on friction and wear properties of PTFE matrix composites in humid conditions[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2018(in Chinese). [16] 张招柱, 薛群基, 刘维民, 等. 稀土化合物填充PTFE基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 1999, 28:4-6.ZHANG Z Z, XUE Q J, LIU W M, et al. Friction and wear properties of PTFE composites filled with rare earth compounds[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,1999,28:4-6(in Chinese). [17] 顾静, 周杰, 赵景波. 西北地区不同等级沙尘暴的空间变化和防治[J]. 灾害学, 2008, 23(1):27-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2008.01.007GU J, ZHOU J, ZHAO J B. Spatial distribution and preventive measure of different grade sandstorms in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(1):27-31(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2008.01.007 [18] 钱正安, 蔡英, 刘景涛, 等. 中国北方沙尘暴研究的若干进展[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(s1):1-8.QIAN Z A, CAI Y, LIU J T, et al. Some advances in dust storm researches in northern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004,18(s1):1-8(in Chinese). [19] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 橡胶袖珍硬度计压入硬度实验方法: GB/T 531—1999[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2005.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Test method for compression hardness of rubber pocket durometer: GB/T 531—1999[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2005(in Chinese). [20] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 塑料拉伸性能的测定: GB/T 1040—2006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of tensile properties of plastics: GB/T 1040—2006[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2006(in Chinese). [21] RUDRESH B M, RAVIKUMAR B N. Investigation on three body abrasive wear behavior of polyamide66/polytetrafluroethylene (PA66/PTFE) blends[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings,2018,5(1):2503-2511. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.032 [22] LI C X, YAN F Y. Effect of blowing air and floating sand-dust particles on the friction and wear behavior of PTFE, UHMWPE and PI[J]. Tribology Letter,2008,32:189-198. doi: 10.1007/s11249-008-9380-8