Abstract: Bamboo fiber extraction process was optimized by response surface design (Box-Behnken).The bamboo was boiled with alkali and JFC penetrant, and the bamboo fiber was extracted by mechanical rolling. The concentration of alkali was 0.5%-0.7%, the concentration of JFC was 0.1%-0.3% and the boiling time was 1.5-2.5 h, which were taken as the factors. The response surface method was used to establish the mathematical model to obtain the best performance of the bamboo fiber with the breaking strength, extraction rate, diameter and friction coefficient of bamboo fiber. The longitudinal structure of the bamboo fibers treated with different processes was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the optimal extraction process is 0.7% alkali, 0.3% JFC and 2.5 h boiling time. The optimum tensile strength is 386.25 MPa, the diameter is 191.79 μm and the friction coefficient is 0.206, which is close to the response surface prediction as tensile strength is 405.08 MPa, diameter is 175.59 μm and friction coefficient is 0.191.The performance of bamboo fiber optimized by response surface method is better, and the response surface can predict the test result well. The breaking strength differs from the predicted value by 4.6%, the friction coefficient differs from the predicted value by 7.8%, and the difference between the diameter and the predicted value is 9.2%. SEM reveals that the alkali treatment, JFC treatment and boiling time have an effect on the gum of the fiber. Alkali concentration of 0.5%, JFC concentration of 0.3% and boiling time of 2.5 h are conducive to the removal of bamboo fiber surface glial.