Abstract: In order to accurately test the compression property of carbon fiber (CF), sample preparation method and test fixture were designed based on carbon fiber multifilament with impregnation curing, and a measuring method for compression property of carbon fiber multifilament was established. The compression properties of Toray T700SC and other carbon fibers were tested using the established method. The influences of sample preparation conditions, test conditions and material type on compression strength and failure mode of carbon fiber multifilament were investigated. The considered factors include resin content of multifilament, tension of multifilament during impregnation curing, pre-loading, testing length, resin matrix and fiber types. The results show that the established method is easy operation and has low dispersibility of test results. Except pre-loading, other factors have obvious effects on the testing process and result. For 30%-35% resin content of sample(mass percent of resin), 10-15 N tension of multifilament impregnation, and 1.5 mm testing length, epoxy impregnated curing T700SC carbon fiber multifilament has the highest testing result of compression strength, and the optimized test conditions are also applicable to the compression strength test of other kinds of carbon fiber multifilament. The type of resin has significant impact on the compression strength of multifilament.