Interface mechanical bonding properties between coarse synthetic polypropylene fiber and cement mortar
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摘要: 纤维嵌入水泥基材料中的界面黏结力学性能对纤维增强混凝土材料的力学性能起着重要作用。单纤维拉拔试验可以较好地模拟纤维与水泥基体材料界面间的受力条件，因此考虑3种纤维直径(0.2 mm、0.6 mm、0.8 mm)、3种纤维埋置长度(10 mm、20 mm、30 mm)和3种纤维表面性状(压痕型、波浪型、光圆型)与3种水泥砂浆基体水胶比(0.66、0.51、0.41)影响因素，进行了单根粗聚丙烯纤维从水泥砂浆基体中的拔出试验，使用SEM观测了纤维被拔出后的形貌特征，通过ABAQUS有限元建立了纤维拔出过程的数值模型，以研究单根纤维与水泥基界面间的剪切应力。同时将试验结果和模拟结果进行了数值拟合，得到了各因素对界面黏结力学性能的影响规律：(1) 水泥砂浆的最佳水胶比为0.41~0.49；(2) 合成粗聚丙烯纤维埋置长度最佳为8~10 mm，最佳纤维直径在0.26~0.39 mm范围；(3) 纤维表面性状为压痕型时，纤维在水泥基材料中的利用率较大，并且与水泥砂浆的界面黏结性能良好。Abstract: The interfacial bonding mechanical properties of fiber-embedded cement-based materials play an important role in the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete materials. The pull-out test of single fiber can better simulate the stress conditions between the fiber and the cement matrix material interface. Therefore, a pull-out test of a single coarse polypropylene fiber from cement mortar matrix was carried out which considered three fiber diameters (0.2 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm), three fiber embedding lengths (10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm), three fiber surface properties (indentation type, wave type, smooth type) and three kinds of cement mortar matrix water-binder ratio (0.66, 0.51, 0.41) influencing factors. The morphological characteristics of the fibers after being pulled out were observed by SEM, a numerical model of the fiber pull-out process was established by ABAQUS finite element to study the shear stress between a single fiber and the cement-based interface. At the same time, the experimental results and the simulation results were numerically fitted, and the influence rules of various factors on the interface bonding mechanical properties were obtained: (1) The optimum water-binder ratio of cement mortar is 0.41-0.49; (2) The embedded length of the synthetic crude polypropylene fiber is 8-10 mm, and the optimal fiber diameter is in the range of 0.26-0.39 mm; (3) When the fiber surface properties are indentation type, the utilization rate of fibers in cement-based materials is large, and the interface bonding performance with cement mortar is good.
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图 1 不同表面性状和长径比的合成粗聚丙烯纤维
Figure 1. Synthetic crude polypropylene fibers with different surface properties and aspect ratios
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图 3 各影响因素下合成粗聚丙烯纤维/水泥砂浆的荷载-滑移曲线：(a) 砂浆基体强度；(b) 纤维埋置长度；(c) 纤维直径大小；(d) 纤维表面性状
Figure 3. Load-slip curves under various influencing factors of synthetic coarse polypropylene fiber/cement mortar: (a) Mortar matrix strength; (b) Fiber embedded length; (c) Fiber diameter; (d) Fiber surface feature
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图 4 各影响因素下合成粗聚丙烯纤维在水泥砂浆基体中的利用率
Figure 4. Utilization rate of synthetic coarse polypropylene fiber in cement mortar matrix under various influencing factors
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图 5 合成粗聚丙烯纤维从水泥砂浆基体中拔出后的表面 ((a)、(b)) 及附着物 ((c)、(d)) 微观形貌
Figure 5. Micromorphologies of the surface ((a), (b)) and attachments ((c), (d)) after synthetic coarse polypropylene fibers being pulled out from cement mortar matrix
C-S-H—Hydrate calcium silicate
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图 6 不同表面性状合成粗聚丙烯纤维与水泥砂浆基体拉拔试验的有限元模拟
Figure 6. Finite element simulation of drawing test of synthetic coarse polypropylene fibers with different surface properties and cement mortar matrix
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7 合成粗聚丙烯纤维/水泥砂浆界面黏结仿真应力云图
7. Simulation stress contours of interfacial bonding between synthetic coarse polypropylene fibers and cement mortar matrix
S—Stress (Pa)
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图 8 合成粗聚丙烯纤维/水泥砂浆界面黏结强度模拟值与试验值比较
Figure 8. Comparisons of simulated and experimental values of interfacial bonding strength between synthetic coarse polypropylene fibers and cement mortar matrix
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图 9 合成粗聚丙烯纤维/水泥砂浆界面黏结强度随各影响因素的变化规律
Figure 9. Variation law of interfacial bond strength of synthetic crude polypropylene fiber/cement mortar with various influencing factors
y1—Average bond strength; y2—Equivalent bond strength
表 1 合成粗聚丙烯纤维与砂浆基体组合方案
Table 1 Combination scheme of synthetic crude polypropylene fiber and mortar matrix
Numbering Matrix strength Embedded length Lf/mm Diameter d/mm Surface feature Original fiber length L0/mm JT-1 M25 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 JT-2 M35 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 JT-3 M45 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 CHD-1 M35 10 0.8 Smooth type 30 CHD-2 M35 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 CHD-3 M35 30 0.8 Smooth type 70 ZHJ-1 M35 20 0.2 Smooth type 50 ZHJ-2 M35 20 0.6 Smooth type 50 ZHJ-3 M35 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 XZH-1 M35 20 0.8 Indentation type 50 XZH-2 M35 20 0.8 Wavy type 50 XZH-3 M35 20 0.8 Smooth type 50 Notes: JT—Matrix strength of specimens; CHD—Embedded length of fiber; ZHJ—Diameter of fiber; XZH—Surface feature of fiber. 
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表 2 砂浆基体强度配合比(质量比)
Table 2 Mortar matrix strength mix ratio (mass ratio)
Matrix strength number Cement Silica fume Fly ash Sand Water to binder ratio Water reducer M25 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.3 0.66 0.005 M35 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.5 0.51 0.005 M45 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.41 0.005
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表 3 砂浆抗压抗折强度测定结果
Table 3 Determination results of compressive and flexural strength of mortar
Matrix strength number Water to binder ratio 28 d compressive strength/MPa 28 d flexural strength/MPa M25 0.66 31.8 7.2 M35 0.51 55.2 9.7 M45 0.41 60.0 11.2
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表 4 各因素影响下的合成粗聚丙烯纤维/水泥砂浆界面黏结强度试验结果
Table 4 Test results of interfacial bond strength under the influence of various factors of synthetic coarse polypropylene fiber/cement mortar
Influencing factor Pull out peak
load/NAverage bond
strength/MPaPulling work/
(N·mm)Equivalent bond
strength/MPaMatrix strength/MPa M25 155.00 3.84 2206.66 4.39 M35 230.42 5.54 3443.19 6.85 M45 231.04 5.85 3347.68 6.66 Embedded length/mm 10 152.40 7.38 1372.46 10.93 20 236.97 5.67 3711.92 7.39 30 234.74 3.86 4665.11 4.13 Fiber diameter/mm 0.2 87.63 8.37 1196.21 9.52 0.6 268.29 8.57 5077.73 13.48 0.8 238.29 5.60 4697.30 9.35 Surface features Indentation type 228.34 5.65 3582.00 7.13 Wavy type 226.46 5.53 3153.85 6.28 Smooth type 152.93 3.88 2367.38 4.71
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表 5 3种砂浆强度的模型内聚力参数
Table 5 Model cohesion parameters for 3 mortar strengths
Matrix strength class Density/(kg·m−3) Elasticity Plasticity Elastic modulus/MPa Poisson's ratio Compressive yield stress/MPa Plastic strain M25 2640 30 0.25 15 0 30 0.001 M35 2710 31 0.25 40 0 50 0.0012 M45 2780 32 0.25 45 0 60 0.0015
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表 6 水泥砂浆其他单元参数
Table 6 Other unit parameters of cement mortar
Expansion angle Eccentricity fb0/fc0 k Viscosity parameter 30 0.1 1.16 0.6667 0.005 Note: fb0/fc0 and k—Set values of concrete damage shaping in abaqus.
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表 7 纤维模型弹塑性参数
Table 7 Elastic-plastic parameters of fiber model
Density/(kg·m−3) Poisson's ratio Plasticity Yield stress/GPa Plastic strain 910 0.3 0.5 0 1 0.027 3 0.081 6 0.135 10 0.189
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表 8 纤维长径比和表面性状等设置参数
Table 8 Setting parameters such as fiber aspect ratio and surface properties
Numbering Fiber diameter/mm Embedded length/mm Surface feature Elastic modulus/GPa 1 0.2 20 Smooth type 15 2 0.6 20 Smooth type 15 3 0.8 10 Smooth type 10 4 0.8 20 Smooth type 10 5 0.8 30 Indentation type 10 6 0.8 20 Wavy type 10 7 0.8 20 Smooth type 10
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表 9 黏性接触处相关参数设置
Table 9 Related parameter settings of viscous contact
Viscosity behavior Knn Kss Ktt 9.375×109 9.375×109 9.375×109 Damage Normal only Shear−1 only Shear−2 only Fracture energy Viscosity coefficient 5.9×109 5.9×109 5.9×109 1 0.01 Note: Knn, Kss, Ktt—Specified stiffness coefficients for viscous behavior in abaqus.
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