Abstract: With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of noise pollution is becoming increasingly prominent, and effective measures are urgently needed. Traditional synthetic sound-absorbing materials take potential health risks and environmental burdens. Therefore, green sound-absorbing materials represented by natural fibers have received widespread attention in recent years. Natural plant fibers have emerged as an ideal alternative to traditional sound absorption materials due to their advantages, such as wide availability, easy biodegradability, and environmental friendliness, demonstrating significant potential in noise reduction. Research on sound absorption of natural fibers mainly includes three methods: direct application of raw materials, hybird design, and reinforcing phase in composites. Additionally, the sound absorption performance of natural fibers is not determined by a single factor, but is influenced by both the fiber's parameters (such as diameter and length) and the macroscopic characterization of the fiber assemblies (such as porosity and thickness). Thephysical or chemical modification processes can effectively regulate t above parameters, thereby optimizing the sound absorption properties. By analyzing the mechanism, characterization and current applications of these fibers in sound absorption, the advantages and challenges faced by plant fiber as the sound absorbing materials are discussed. In general, plant fibers have broad application range in sound-absorbing materials, but there are still shortcomings in multi-functional integration, new processes, standardized production and large-scale applications, and further research is still needed to promote their wider application.