Abstract: With the wide application of composite materials in aerospace and other fields, single materials can’t meet the increasing damping performance requirements of aircraft. To solve this problem, carbon nanotubes/carbon black (CNT/CB) intercalation material were prepared to optimize the damping performance of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) laminates, and compared with film reinforced materials, the preparation time of CFRP laminates was significantly shortened. In order to investigate the influence of the number of layers on the damping optimization ability of intercalation materials and the strengthening mechanism of them, free vibration tests were carried out. The results showed that 1 layer of CB intercalation materials and 2 layers of CNT intercalation materials had very high damping enhancement ability, and they can increase the damping ratio of CFRP laminates by more than 40%. However, with the increase of the number of layers, the damping enhancement ability of intercalation materials will decrease. Meanwhile, CFRP laminates with intercalation materials also showed good strengthen ability in three-point bending test, model Ⅱ interlaminar fracture toughness test and tensile test. And using carbon black powder can significantly reduce costs. Finally, the damping enhancement mechanism of intercalation materials was further studied by SEM.