Abstract: Electrospun nanofiber membrane has a unique network structure and connected micropores. With the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, easy modification, easy recycling and good chemical stability, it has been widely used in wastewater treatment as a new type of adsorption material. In this paper, first, the working principle of electrospinning is briefly introduced. Then, the latest research progress of electrospun nano-fiber membrane as adsorbents in wastewater treatment is reviewed, mainly including the removal of organic pollutants, inorganic anions and heavy metal ions, as well as the application of desalination. Besides, the adsorption mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of electrospun nanofiber membrane in wastewater treatment are discussed. This review may help researchers have a deeper understanding of electrospun nanofiber membrane materials, whether in the design and synthesis of nanofibers at the macro level or the adsorption mechanisms microscopically .