Abstract: This study aimed to prepare low-cost and highly conductive composite materials with excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. By loading Ni metal onto the surface-modified glass fiber fabric (GFF) through electroless plating, nickel-plated glass fiber fabric (Ni-GFF) was successfully fabricated. The GFF was first pretreated via surface etching, sensitization and activation in sequence, and then the conductive composites with controllable electromagnetic shielding performance was designed and prepared by regulating the process parameters of electroless nickel plating. The study systematically explored the influence of surface pretreatment on the hydrophilic properties of GFF, as well as the influence of nickel plating process on the basic physical properties such as interface bonding, surface density, thickness and block resistance of Ni-GFF, and analyzed its electromagnetic shielding performance. The results show that the optimal process conditions for GFF nickel plating are as follows: etching with 1.25 mol/L NaOH for 20 minutes, sensitization with SnCl₂ for 2 minutes, activation with PdCl₂ for 2 minutes, and electroless nickel plating for 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the obtained composite fabric has a thickness of 0.113 mm, an areal density of 212.8 g/m², uniform nickel particle deposition on the surface, and firmly bonded with the glass fiber interface. The block resistance of the composite fabric is only 29.60 mΩ/sq, and its electromagnetic shielding efficiency in the X-band reaches 86.56 dB, Moreover, its absolute shielding effectiveness per unit thickness is as high as 766.01 dB/mm, which exhibits significant application potential in the field of electromagnetic shielding.