催化剂对Cr-Al-Y共渗层组织结构的影响及高温耐磨性能研究

Effect of activator on the microstructure of Cr-Al-Y co-deposition coating and high-temperature wear resistance

  • 摘要: 针对TiAl合金硬度低、高温下易磨损等问题,本研究旨在TiAl合金表面制备Cr-Al-Y渗层,改善其高温摩擦磨损性能。采用包埋渗法经1050℃/2 h在TiAlNb9合金表面制备了Cr-Al-Y共渗层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)等检测手段分析了催化剂种类及含量对Cr-Al-Y共渗层组织结构的影响,并对基体和渗层在600℃条件下与GCr15球对摩的抗摩擦磨损性能进行分析,探究其磨损失效机制。共渗层制备实验显示,采用不同催化剂种类及含量制备的共渗层均有复合结构,分为外层、内层和互扩散区,但渗层厚度和致密度存在明显差异,其中6wt.%(质量分数)的NH4Cl作催化剂时,渗层厚约30 μm,外层主要为TiCr2、TiCr、(Ti, Nb)Cr4和Ti4Cr相,内层为Ti2Al相,互扩散区为富Nb的γ-TiAl相,渗层结构致密,效果最好。高温摩擦磨损实验(600℃下与GCr15球对摩)显示,Cr-Al-Y共渗层使TiAlNb9合金的稳态摩擦系数下降了约45.8%,磨损率降低了约97.6%,显著提升了合金的高温耐磨性能,其中TiAlNb9合金的磨损机制为严重的氧化磨损、黏着磨损及磨粒磨损,Cr-Al-Y渗层的磨损机制为氧化磨损与黏着磨损。其耐磨性提升归因于渗层中Cr2O3/Al2O3混合氧化膜的协同强化作用。总体而言,采用包埋渗在TiAl合金表面制备Cr-Al-Y渗层增强材料表面的高温耐磨性,为TiAl合金表面涂层制备提供了新思路。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low hardness and easy wear of TiAl alloys at high temperatures, this study is dedicated to preparing a Cr-Al-Y diffusion coating on the surface of TiAl alloys to improve their high-temperature friction and wear properties. The Cr-Al-Y co-deposition coating was prepared on the surface of TiAlNb9 alloy using the pack cementation method at 1050℃ for 2 hours. The effects of activator type and content on the microstructure of the Cr-Al-Y co-deposition coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tribological properties of the substrate and the co-deposition coating were evaluated under high-temperature conditions (600℃) against GCr15 balls, and the wear failure mechanisms were investigated. The experimental results of the co-deposition coating preparation revealed that the coatings prepared with different types and contents of activators exhibited a composite structure, consisting of an outer layer, an inner layer, and an interdiffusion zone. However, significant differences were observed in the thickness and density of the coatings. When 6 wt.% NH4Cl was used as the catalyst, the co-deposition coating was approximately 30 μm thick, with the outer layer primarily composed of TiCr2, TiCr, (Ti, Nb) Cr4, and Ti4Cr phases, the inner layer consisting of Ti2Al phase, and the interdiffusion zone being a Nb-rich γ-TiAl phase. The structure of the co-deposition coating was dense, demonstrating the best performance. High-temperature friction and wear tests (against GCr15 balls at 600℃) showed that the Cr-Al-Y co-deposition coating reduced the friction coefficient of the TiAlNb9 alloy by approximately 45.8% and decreased the wear rate by about 97.6%, significantly enhancing the high-temperature wear resistance of the alloy. The wear mechanism of the TiAlNb9 alloy was identified as severe oxidative wear, adhesive wear, and abrasive wear, while the wear mechanism of the Cr-Al-Y co-deposition coating was primarily oxidative wear and adhesive wear. The improvement in wear resistance is attributed to the synergistic strengthening effect of the Cr2O3/Al2O3 mixed oxide film formed in the co-deposition coating. Overall, the preparation of Cr-Al-Y diffusion coatings on TiAl alloys via pack cementation effectively enhances the high-temperature wear resistance of the material surface, which provides a novel strategy for the surface coating preparation of TiAl alloys.

     

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