磁致柔性驱动器的优化设计与弯扭耦合响应调控

Design optimization and coupled bending–twisting response regulation of magnetically actuated flexible actuators

  • 摘要: 针对磁致柔性驱动器在复杂变形设计中存在的响应不足及结构参数难以优化等问题,本文采用直写式3D打印技术制备了类似豌豆夹式弯–扭响应的层状NdFeB/硅酮磁敏柔性驱动结构,并在打印过程中对内部磁敏颗粒磁化方向进行诱导取向,构建具有可控颗粒链取向的可编程结构,从而实现显著的弯曲–扭转耦合变形能力。采用响应面法中的 Box–Behnken 设计,对磁场强度、磁敏颗粒的质量分数及几何参数等关键因素进行多因素多水平分析,建立了弯扭响应的预测模型。结果表明,模型显著性水平高(p<0.0001),失拟不显著(p>0.05),说明模型可准确描述结构与材料参数对弯扭性能的耦合影响。优化条件下,驱动器最大扭转角由 6.7° 提升至 9.4°,增幅达到 40%,弯扭协同能力明显增强,表明磁性颗粒链取向与结构设计之间存在显著协同效应。研究揭示了内部颗粒磁化方向在弯扭驱动应用中的关键影响机制,提出了基于材料磁取向与结构参数联动调控的优化策略,为高性能磁致弯–扭驱动器的结构设计与材料配方提供了可行依据。

     

    Abstract: This study aims to address the insufficient deformation response and the difficulty in optimizing structural parameters in the design of magnetically actuated flexible actuators for complex bending–twisting motions. A layered NdFeB/silicone magneto-responsive actuator with pea-pod-like bending–twisting behavior was fabricated using direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D printing, and the magnetization directions of the embedded magnetic particles were reoriented under a guiding magnetic field to construct programmable structures with controllable orientation of magnetic particle chains. A Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology was adopted to perform multi-factor and multi-level analyses of key variables, including magnetic field strength, magnetic particle mass fraction, and geometric parameters, and predictive models of bending and twisting responses were established. The results show that the models are highly significant (p < 0.0001) with insignificant lack-of-fit (p > 0.05), indicating that they accurately describe the coupled influence of structural and material parameters on bending–twisting performance. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum torsion angle increases from 6.7° to 9.4°, representing a 40% improvement, and the bending–twisting synergy is significantly enhanced, demonstrating a strong cooperative effect between magnetic-domain orientation and structural design. This work reveals the key role of internal particle magnetization in bending–twisting actuation and provides an optimization strategy based on the coordinated tuning of magnetic orientation and structural parameters, offering a practical route for the design and formulation of high-performance magnetically actuated bending–twisting actuators.

     

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