Abstract: The issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly prominent, and the development of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials has become an important research topic. The functionalization of lightweight, high-strength, and widely used fiberboards has become a highly promising research direction. However, their lack of free electrons and continuous conductive networks prevents them from effectively absorbing and converting electromagnetic waves. Therefore, in this study, ZIF-67 was in-situ grown on the surface of eucalyptus fiber and combined with one-step thermoforming strategy, a wood composite material with high electromagnetic shielding performance was successfully prepared.The metal ions in ZIF act as bonding donors and form coordination bonds with the hydroxyl groups in the fibers, resulting in a bonding strength of 0.93 MPa for the fiberboard. Meanwhile, the incorporation of ZIF-67 increased the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the functional fiberboard from 8.67 MPa to 29.2 MPa. The Co²⁺ ions in ZIF-67 exhibit dielectric loss characteristics, which significantly enhance the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), reaching a maximum of 24 dB. This study introduces an innovative functional fiberboard that combines electromagnetic shielding performance with environmental sustainability, providing a new pathway for the innovative design and functional application of healthy building materials.