Abstract: Supercapacitors represent an energy storage device renowned for its high-power density, rapid charging/discharging rates, long service life, and versatility across diverse applications. The primary factor influencing their performance lies in the electrode materials. Consequently, the development of electrode materials that are conductive, readily available, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly has emerged as a pivotal research focus in the field of supercapacitors. Plant-based porous carbon materials have garnered significant attention due to their adherence to these criteria. This paper categorizes plant-based porous carbons based on their precursor sources, reviews recent research achievements worldwide on their application as electrode materials in supercapacitors, discusses the challenges faced by plant-based porous carbon electrode materials in this domain, and offers an outlook on their promising future.