Abstract: Phase change materials (PCM) have become a key medium to alleviate the time-space mismatch of energy supply and demand due to their efficient and reversible heat storage properties. Natural minerals feature unique structures, excellent adsorption capacity and abundant active sites, along with low cost and easy accessibility, making them ideal supporting substrates for constructing shape-stabilized composite phase change materials. By encapsulating PCM and compounding them with other functional materials, composite phase change materials (CPCM) can be prepared, which effectively address numerous challenges in the field of phase change heat storage. Five encapsulation technologies of mineral-based CPCM, namely layered encapsulation, tubular encapsulation, porous encapsulation, core-shell encapsulation and skeleton encapsulation, are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The latest research progress of mineral-based CPCM with different dimensions in overcoming the disadvantages of PCM is summarized, and the basic mechanisms and methods for improving the latent heat and thermal conductivity of mineral-based CPCM are summarized. In addition, the practical applications of mineral-based CPCM in building energy saving, solar energy and thermal management are also introduced.; Finally, some challenges in mineral-based CPCM research and its future development direction are emphasized, which provides more research ideas for developing new CPCM with excellent comprehensive properties