原位共沉淀制备共价结合型碳包覆Co8FeS8复合材料及其储钠性能

In-situ co-precipitation preparation of covalently bonded carbon-coated Co8FeS8 composite material and its sodium storage performance

  • 摘要: 钠离子电池(SIBs)因钠资源丰富且分布广泛,被视为锂离子电池的理想替代选择。金属硫化物(MSs)由于具有高的理论容量和氧化还原可逆性,成为SIBs极具前景的负极候选材料,但纯金属硫化物因在脱出/嵌入钠离子过程中的体积膨胀和较低的导电率限制了其实际应用和发展。为提升金属硫化物在钠离子电池中的电化学性能,本文以冰粉为三维凝胶基质与硬碳源,采用溶胶-凝胶-原位共沉淀-热解碳化工艺,制备硬碳包覆双金属硫化物Co8FeS8复合材料。通过调控Co/Fe摩尔比与碳化温度,筛选出最优样品Co8FeS8@HC21-800。结构表征表明,该材料形成C-S共价键合的核壳结构,呈介孔-微孔分级多孔特征,双金属掺杂引入混合价态提升导电性。电化学测试显示,其在0.1 A g−1下首次放电比容量达875.66 mAh g−1,循环120圈后容量保持率90.21 %,5 A g−1时仍有490.14 mAh g−1,电荷转移电阻低、钠离子扩散快。双金属掺杂与碳包覆协同作用,显著提升了材料的储钠容量、循环稳定性与倍率性能,为高性能钠离子电池负极材料开发提供新思路。

     

    Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been regarded as an ideal alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundant and widely distributed sources of sodium. Metal sulfides (MSs), owing their high theoretical capacity and favorable redox reversibility, are highly promising anode candidates for SIBs. However, pure metal sulfides are limited in practical application and development due to volume expansion and low conductivity during the removal and embedding of sodium ions. To enhance the sodium-storage electrochemical performance of metal sulfides, this study uses ice powder as a three-dimensional gel matrix and a hard carbon source, employing a sol-gel in-situ co-precipitation and pyrolysis carbonization process to prepare hard carbon-coated bimetallic sulfide Co8FeS8 composite materials. By regulating the Co/Fe molar ratio and the carbonization temperature, the optimal sample Co8FeS8@HC21-800 was identified. Structural characterization indicates that this material forms a core-shell structure with C-S covalent bonding, exhibits a hierarchical mesoporous-microporous structure, and the bimetallic doping introduces mixed valence states to enhance the conductivity. Electrochemical tests show that it has an initial discharge specific capacity of 875.66 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, a capacity retention of 90.21 % after 120 cycles, and still maintains 490.14 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, with low charge transfer resistance and fast sodiumion diffusion. The synergistic effect of bimetallic doping and carbon coating significantly improves the sodium storage capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability, providing a new insight for the development of high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

     

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