Abstract: This study investigates the mechanical performance optimization and multi-scale failure mechanisms of polyamide 6 (PA6)-based thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composite-aluminum alloy fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Seven groups of FML specimens with varying stacking configurations (3/5 layers) and metal volume fractions (25%-75%) were fabricated using hot-press molding. Systematic analyses of failure modes and performance modulation mechanisms were conducted through quasi-static tensile testing, instrumented impact testing, and finite element numerical simulations. Results reveal that FMLs effectively synergize the impact energy absorption advantages of aluminum alloy (derived from its high plasticity) with the tensile strength superiority of carbon fiber composites, achieving mutually enhanced mechanical properties. Furthermore, optimization strategies were established through layup design and component regulation: Composite-exterior configurations significantly improve tensile performance, while metal-exterior configurations demonstrate superior impact energy absorption. The three-layer structure outperforms its five-layer counterpart in both tensile strength and energy absorption due to reduced weak interfacial regions. A critical metal volume fraction of 50% was identified as the strength-plasticity balance threshold, where increasing metal content directionally enhances energy absorption capacity, whereas elevating composite proportion preferentially boosts tensile strength. This research provides theoretical foundations and process optimization guidelines for designing lightweight energy-absorbing structures in aerospace and automotive engineering applications, while advancing the industrial implementation potential of thermoplastic FMLs.