Abstract: This paper outlines the trend of development of both macro and micro mechanics (MMM) and strengthening and toughening design (STD) for advanced composite materials both at home and abroad. The scientific meaning, main study topics as well as new challenges for the strengthening and toughening design on composites are illustrated. The basic mechanisms, principles as well as approaches of MMM and STD for advanced composites are discussed. The existent difficulties or open topics and the direction of development on MMM and STD for advanced composites are made clear as well.