离心加速条件下金属液中粒子运动规律的理论分析
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR OF PARTICLES IN METAL MELT IN CENTRIFUGAL FIELD
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摘要: 建立了金属液中第二相粒子在离心加速条件下的运动规律理论模型,并根据该理论模型分析了影响粒子运动规律的因素。结果表明,随时间延长,粒子由内向外移动的距离、速度都增大,呈指数变化。粒子直径越大、密度越大、转速越高,在同样时间内,粒子移动的距离越远。在传输过程中,不但有因尺寸不同引起的粒子追逐现象,而且有因密度不同引起的追逐现象,该现象是引起粒子碰撞、聚集及尺寸大(或密度大)粒子偏聚到试样外侧的主要原因。为减少粒子运动过程中的追逐、碰撞及由此引起的粒子聚集和不稳定流动现象,采用尺寸一致的同种粒子是非常必要的。径向上初始位置不同的两个粒子,其间距随时间延长逐渐增大。如果在径向一条直线上有多个同间距的粒子,离心移动一段时间后,虽然任意两相邻粒子的间距比开始态增大,但各相邻粒子间距在新的时刻仍是相等的。粒子最终在试样中的梯度分布,是粒子从靠近型壁处向内沉积及金属熔体冷却降温、粘度增大和凝固共同作用形成的。Abstract: A theoretical model of movement behavior of second phase particles in metal melt in centrifugal field was set up. The factors affecting the movement behavior of the particle were analyzed with this model. The results show that the distance and velocity of the particle moving from inside to outside increase with time in an exponential law. The bigger the particle diameter, the higher the particle density,and the faster the rotation speed of mold, then the longer the distance of particle movement will be. The phenomenon that particle runs after particle exists because of not only the difference of particle diameter but also the difference of particle density during the transport, which is the main reason that particles collide and accumulate and big particles or particles with big density segregate to the specimen outside. To reduce the pursuit, collision, and accumulation of particles during particles movement, it is very important to use the particles with the same diameter and composition. The distance between two particles whose initial positions in the radial direction are different increases gradually with time. For some particles whose space length is the same at a radial straight line, the distances between any two near particles are still equal after particles move for a moment though it is longer than that at the initial position. The gradient distribution of particles in the specimen is induced by the sedimentation of particles from outside to inside the specimen, the increase of viscosity of the metal melt with the temperature decreasing, and the solidification of the metal melt.