Abstract: The fundamental issues and processing principle of electrospinning and electrospray based on electrohydrodynamics in the fabrication of nanoscale materials are briefly summarized in this article. The special attention is focused on the rapid development in the nanocomposite materials such as nanocapsules, core-shell nanofibers and hollow nanotubes or nanofibers by using coaxial electrospinning and coaxial electrospray in the recent couple of years. Potential applications of these nanocomposites in drug release systems, tissue engineering scaffold, wound dressing and absorbable sutures are discussed. Some future trends are also addressed in the paper.