Abstract: Biomass-derived porous carbon, with its low raw material cost, high carbon content, and natural hierarchical porous structure, has shown significant application potential in the field of silicon-carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Its three-dimensional fibrous network can effectively enhance electrode conductivity and mitigate the volume expansion effect of silicon phases. However, porous carbon prepared by direct carbonization of biomass suffers from uneven pore structure distribution and significant impurity residues. It is imperative to optimize its microstructure and composition through pre-treatment processes to obtain carbon matrix materials with excellent electrochemical performance. This paper focuses on the preparation system of biomass porous carbon-based silicon-carbon anode materials, systematically reviews the role and mechanism of biomass pre-treatment processes, and provides an overview of the research progress on pre-treatment of biomass porous carbon-based silicon-carbon anode materials using chemical, physical, and biological methods, offering references for future researchers in the selection and application of pre-treatment processes for biomass porous carbon.