Abstract: Lightweight and high-strength metamaterials, with their designable microstructure topology and outstanding mechanical properties, have demonstrated great potential in lightweight and impact-resistant design in fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, and protective equipment, and have become a research hotspot for new core materials in composite laminated structures. This article systematically reviews the latest progress of mechanical metamaterials based on lattice structures and origami structures as core materials for laminated structures. It focuses on analyzing the design principles of various structures, based on simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic and other topological cell arrangements, and deeply explores their performance in key mechanical characteristics such as static compression, dynamic impact, and energy absorption efficiency. The article further summarizes the impact of structural optimization strategies such as node reinforcement, gradient design, and mixed topology on improving performance, while pointing out the current bottlenecks in manufacturing complexity, stress concentration, and interface failure. Finally, it presents an outlook for future development, through multi-scale collaborative design, intelligent programmability, and process innovation to drive the practical application of metamaterial laminated structures in high-end equipment, achieving breakthroughs in lightweighting and functional integration.