Abstract: Carbon fiber is a high-performance material known for its strong photothermal and electrothermal conversion properties, enabling efficient conversion of sunlight and electrical energy into thermal energy. Despite its current utilization primarily based on its low density, high strength, and modulus, this paper reviews the ongoing research on enhancing the application of carbon fiber in interfacial water evaporation. The review focuses on two key aspects: carbon fiber's photothermal properties and optoelectronic coupling. It addresses the challenges posed by carbon fiber's smooth, dense surface and low surface energy, proposing various solutions. Furthermore, it explores advancements in developing carbon fiber interfacial evaporators through strategies such as bionic structures, multi-stage designs, incorporation of other photothermal materials, and carbon fiber recycling. Finally, the paper outlines future prospects for leveraging carbon fibers in interfacial evaporation applications.