Abstract: The rapid development of electronic communication and high-frequency applications have brought great convenience, but at the same time, the problem of electromagnetic pollution has become more and more serious. Therefore, it is very important to develop electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Nowadays, shielding materials are increasingly pursuing 'thin, light, wide and strong', and the flexible electromagnetic shielding materials show great application prospects due to their light weight, flexibility and good processability. At present, there are few systematic studies on flexible electromagnetic shielding composites from different scales. Therefore, this paper first discusses several common substrate composite nanomaterials from the microscopic point of view, and finds that most of the research work is to improve the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness from the perspective of multi-structure design and construction of multi-phase material composite system. On this basis, it is further extended to macro textile-based composites. The optimization methods of different forms of composite textiles in the processing process were analyzed, including material composite, structural design and modification. Finally, the relevant research work is summarized and prospected. This paper can provide theoretical reference for the research of flexible electromagnetic shielding composite materials and provide reference ideas for the research and development of functional textiles.