Abstract: Traditional petroleum based plastic products have attracted much attention due to their difficulty in degradation and environmental pollution issues. Biopolymers, especially polylactic acid (PLA), have great potential for development as a renewable and biodegradable alternative material. PLA raw materials are derived from agricultural and forestry by-products such as plant starch and sugarcane, which can be naturally degraded after use and are harmless to the environment. However, PLA has defects such as brittleness, poor hydrophilicity, and poor thermal stability. To overcome these limitations, current research combines PLA with cellulose to prepare composite materials with superior performance. The preparation methods of cellulose polylactic acid composite materials include melt blending, use of compatibilizers, surface modification, in-situ polymerization, etc. These methods have different specific implementation processes and mechanisms of action. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the research background of cellulose polylactic acid composite materials; The basic properties of polylactic acid materials and cellulose materials; The definition, specific implementation process, interaction mechanism between components of existing cellulose polylactic acid composite materials, as well as their advantages and disadvantages; Important parameters such as molding, processing, and degradation performance of cellulose polylactic acid composite materials obtained by different preparation processes. Expected to provide reference for subsequent research work.