Abstract: MXene is a new type of two-dimensional layered material with unique physicochemical properties, which has broad application prospects in catalysis, sensing, energy storage and disease diagnosis and treatment. With the in-depth development and exploration of nanotechnology, the properties of MXene nanoenzymes have been discovered and rapidly developed, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, showing significant advantages and great application potential, which is expected to bring new breakthroughs for the scientific and technological progress and industrial development in this field. In this review, we summarize the research progress of MXene nanoenzymes in disease diagnosis and treatment. The article firstly introduces the preparation method, surface modification and enzyme-like activity of MXene, and secondly focuses on the application of MXene-based nanoenzymes in biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial, cancer therapy and other diseases. It finally concludes with a discussion of the current status of MXene nanoenzymes in disease diagnosis and treatment, potential applications, and new challenges and opportunities for future development. MXene nanoenzymes will become an important material for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the future.