Abstract: With the growth of global energy demand and the intensification of environmental issues, carbon nanotubes prepared from biomass materials as carbon sources through methods such as pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition have been widely applied. Due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, they are combined with other materials to form biomass carbon nanotubes composites, which are extensively used in lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, pollutant adsorption and drug delivery. Based on this, this review provides a detailed summary of the main carbon sources and commonly used preparation methods of biomass carbon nanotubes, as well as the application of their related composites in energy storage, environmental management, and biomedicine, aiming to provide ideas for the development and utilization of biomass carbon nanotubes composites.