Abstract: Mechanical erosion of composite materials is one of the critical issues that cannot be ignored in the thermal protection structures of solid rocket motor propulsion systems. This paper discusses, from both engineering and numerical computation perspectives, the mechanical erosion of composite material thermal protection structures under the impact of high-temperature and high-speed gas flows containing high-enthalpy particles, particularly in harsh high-temperature and high-pressure working environments. The focus is on the effects of gas flow pressure and shear forces, particle impact, and high-temperature heat transfer on the surface of the structure. Additionally, the paper reviews relevant research on improving the mechanical erosion resistance of composite material structures, focusing on matrix modification of composite materials and coating technology. Finally, the paper proposes areas that require further research on composite material thermal protection structures for solid rocket motor propulsion systems.