Abstract: Carbon-based nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and graphene) have emerged as promising candidates for high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption anti-icing/de-icing technologies due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties. While composites incorporating these nanomaterials inherit their inherent advantages, comprehensive reviews on the fabrication and mechanisms of carbon-based anti-icing/de-icing composites remain scarce. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in carbon-based anti-icing/de-icing composites, with a focus on three representative nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene. Firstly, the definitions, physicochemical properties, and correlations between material characteristics and anti-icing/de-icing performance are discussed. Secondly, the fabrication strategies and performance optimization of three types of composites (CNT-, GO-, and graphene-based systems) are elaborated. Thirdly, the preparations and performance optimizations of three types of anti-icing/de-icing composites based on carbon-based nanomaterials are emphatically expounded. Additionally, the anti-icing/de-icing mechanisms are summarized, including single mechanisms (photothermal-conversion, electrothermal-conversion, superhydrophobic effects) and synergistic mechanisms. Finally, critical challenges (e.g., complex processing, environmental durability), potential applications (e.g., aerospace, energy infrastructure), and future research directions are outlined to guide the development of next-generation anti-icing/de-icing materials.