Abstract: With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronic devices, wearable electronic products have become an integral part of people’s daily lives. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers an effective solution to power supply challenges. By leveraging TENG with textiles to convert body movements into electrical energy and sensing information, mechano-electric conversion fibers (MECFs) have emerged. MECFs can efficiently harvest low-frequency, irregular mechanical energy from the body while ensuring comfort, breathability, safety, and durability. MECFs achieve two key functions: self-charging and self-powered sensing: self-charging power supply and self-powered sensing. MECFs have enabled a human-centered, self-sustaining system for energy and information provision. According to the working principles of MECFs, the selection and design of electrification materials are critical to MECF performance, and multidimensional structural design of MECFs further enhances their energy conversion efficiency. Currently, MECFs are widely used in smart living applications, particularly for self-charging and self-powered sensing. However, despite significant progress, the development of novel MECFs still faces many challenges. Looking ahead, with the support of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, MECFs will continue to evolve toward intelligent and personalized applications.