Abstract: As an emerging high-performance fiber, aramid fiber has a variety of excellent and unique properties, and has a wide range of applications in advanced composite materials, protective products, high-performance structural materials and other fields. The surface inertness of aramid fiber leads to poor interfacial bonding performance of its composites. In order to meet the development and application of high-performance aramid composites, the research on surface modification of aramid fiber is in the ascendant. In this paper, the development status and research progress of aramid fiber surface modification technology in recent years are reviewed. The effects of different surface modification technologies on the interfacial properties of aramid fiber and its composites are discussed. The modification effects of different modification methods and their industrialization prospects are compared. The main problems existing in the surface modification technology of aramid fiber are analyzed, and the possible development direction of interface treatment technology of aramid fiber and its composites in the future is discussed from the perspective of industrialization.