超声强化SiO2辅助刻蚀超疏水表面用于油水乳液分离和耐腐蚀性能研究

Study on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces by ultrasonic-enhanced SiO₂-assisted etching for oil-water emulsion separation and corrosion resistance

  • 摘要: 为了实现不锈钢网分离油水乳液和耐腐蚀性能,本文从尺寸筛分、润湿性两方面入手制备超疏水超亲油不锈钢网膜以解决油水乳液难分离和样品易腐蚀现象。采用SiO2辅助HF刻蚀法和低表面能修饰法在不锈钢网(SSM)表面制备超疏水涂层。根据“尺寸筛分”效应,通过刻蚀改性不同目数不锈钢网,探究不同孔径尺寸的网膜对乳液分离效果的影响,得出可实现油水乳液分离的膜孔径尺寸;通过超声条件下探究SiO2辅助HF刻蚀状态得出最佳刻蚀时间。借助SEM、XRD、EDS、接触角测量仪以及电化学分析仪,对其表面微观形态、表面构成成分、润湿特性与耐海水腐蚀性能进行全方位表征,同时运用卡尔费休水分测定仪精准测定分离前后油水乳液中水浓度。实验数据显示:刻蚀改性不锈钢网膜处于空气中时,与水、油所形成的接触角分别为158°与0°,呈现出显著的超疏水、超亲油特性,该网膜能够高效实现油包水乳液的分离任务,即便针对含有表面活性剂的乳液,其分离效率依旧维持在98%之上,并且还拥有出色的耐海水腐蚀能力。由此可见,本次研究所制备的超疏水超亲油网膜,在油包水乳液分离领域展现出优异效能,同时兼具耐海水腐蚀的优势,这为耐海水腐蚀的油水乳液分离网膜相关研究提供了新思路。

     

    Abstract: In order to achieve the separation of oil-water emulsions and the corrosion resistance of stainless steel meshes, this paper starts from two aspects, namely size screening and wettability, to prepare superhydrophobic and superoleophilic stainless steel meshes to address the difficulties in separating oil-water emulsions and the easy corrosion of samples. A superhydrophobic coating was fabricated on the surface of stainless steel meshes (SSM) by using SiO₂-assisted HF etching and low-cost stearic acid modification methods. According to the “size screening” effect, by etching and modifying stainless steel meshes of different mesh numbers, the influence of meshes with different pore sizes on the emulsion separation effect was investigated, and the pore size of the membrane capable of realizing oil-water emulsion separation was obtained. The optimal etching time was determined by exploring the SiO₂-assisted HF etching state under ultrasonic conditions.The surface micro-morphology, composition, wettability, and corrosion resistance were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, a contact angle measuring instrument, and an electrochemical analyzer. The water concentration of the emulsion before and after separation was measured by a Karl Fischer moisture analyzer. The results indicate that the water and oil contact angles of the stainless steel meshes can reach 158° and 0° in air, respectively, showing a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic state. The meshes can achieve the separation of water-in-oil emulsions. Even for emulsions containing surfactants, the separation efficiency remains above 98%, and it also has good seawater corrosion resistance. Therefore, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic meshes prepared in this paper exhibit excellent separation performance for water-in-oil emulsions and possess seawater corrosion resistance, providing new ideas for the research on emulsion separation meshes with seawater corrosion resistance.

     

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