Abstract: Medical magnesium alloys have excellent biocompatibility and degradability as bone plate implant materials, which not only reduce the occurrence of inflammation and rejection reactions in vivo, but also gradually degrade in the body as the damaged bone heals, eliminating the need for second surgery for removal. However, the poor surface properties of processed magnesium alloys hinder their large-scale clinical application. In this study, the needle-type magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process was used to treat Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn alloy to obtain specimen surfaces with different grinding degrees, exploring the effects of this process on the properties of magnesium alloys. Due to the magnetic field blind spots in traditional needle-type magnetic abrasive machines leading to low grinding efficiency, magnetic field simulation optimization of the magnetic pole disk was carried out using Maxwell. Two types of magnetic pole disks were designed and compared in terms of magnetic field intensity. Reciprocating motion of the magnetic pole disk was added through SolidWorks structural modeling to improve magnetic field unif- ormity and reduce magnetic field dead zones. Magnetic abrasive finishing of workpieces was performed using magnetic fields with two different pole arrangements. Hardness tests, friction and wear tests, and electrochemical tests were used to characterize the effects of different grinding degrees on the properties of magnesium alloys. The results show that compared with unprocessed workpieces, magnetic abrasive finishing can improve the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, and the magnetic field with higher intensity has a more significant effect on enhancing the properties of magnesium alloys.