挤出3D打印用可拉伸导电复合材料的制备及性能调控

Preparation and property modulation of stretchable conductive composites for extrusion 3D printing

  • 摘要: 多层柔性和可拉伸电子因其在生物医疗、可穿戴设备、电子皮肤等领域具有较大的应用前景。然而,适用于多层电子的拉伸导电材料存在导电性差、拉伸性低以及层间互联导线制造难等问题,限制了多层柔性和可拉伸电子的进一步发展和应用。本文通过在纳米银颗粒(AgNP)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合导电材料内灵活的添加二甘醇(DEG)助剂,制备了一种适用于层间互联导线直接挤出3D打印的高导电可拉伸复合材料。受益于二甘醇的高沸点,固化过程中导电复合材料中的AgNP能够有效聚集并析出表面,从而提高导电性。溶剂良好的润湿性能平衡材料结构塌陷和3D打印机喷嘴堵塞的问题,有利于层间互联导线的3D打印。同时,大长径比的MWCNT在拉伸过程中能够稳定AgNP之间的电连接。最终制备的导电材料具备优异的导电性能(104 S·cm−1)和拉伸性能(在40%应变下循环拉伸1000次以上),并能基于材料挤出3D打印技术实现可拉伸层内互联导线、自支撑3D垂直互联导线以及2.5D弧形导线的打印。本文制造的拉伸复合浆料在柔性电加热以及柔性显示灯阵实现了良好的应用,充分验证了可拉伸导电复合材料在柔性和可拉伸电子领域的应用前景,为3D打印多层柔性和可拉伸电子的发展铺平了道路。

     

    Abstract: Multi-layer flexible and stretchable electronics have great potential in fields such as biomedicine, wearable devices, and electronic skin. However, the development and application of multi-layer flexible and stretchable electronics are hindered by issues such as poor conductivity, low stretchability, and difficulties in manufacturing interlayer interconnects. In this paper, a highly conductive stretchable composite material suitable for direct extrusion 3D printing of interlayer interconnecting wires was prepared by flexibly adding diethylene glycol (DEG) additives within the composite conductive materials of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Benefiting from the high melting point of diethylene glycol, the AgNP in the conductive composites can effectively aggregate and precipitate out of the surface during the curing process, thus improving the electrical conductivity. The good solvent wettability balances the issues of material structure collapse and 3D printer nozzle clogging, facilitating the 3D printing of interlayer interconnects. Meanwhile, the large aspect ratio of MWCNT can stabilize the electrical connection between AgNP during the stretching process. The resulting conductive material exhibits excellent conductivity (104 S·cm−1) and stretchability (cycling over 1000 times at 40% strain), which can achieve the printing of stretchable intralayer interconnects, self-supporting 3D vertical interconnects, and 2.5D curved interconnects based on material extrusion 3D printing technology. The stretchable composite paste developed in this study demonstrates good performance in flexible electrothermal heating and flexible display arrays, confirming the promising application prospects of stretchable conductive composite materials in the field of flexible and stretchable electronics, paving the way for the development of 3D printed multi-layer flexible and stretchable electronics.

     

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