Abstract: Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials can not only solve the problems of electromagnetic pollution, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic leakage, but also are effective radar stealth materials, thus attracting the enthusiasm of researchers. As a new type of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, core-shell chain electromagnetic composites show multiple structural advantages. The composite of dielectric shell layer and magnetic core can produce electromagnetic loss synergy; the one-dimensional structure with high aspect ratio provides the transmission path of electromagnetic wave; the three-dimensional network formed by self-assembly enhances the multiple reflections of electromagnetic wave; the antenna-like effect helps to increase the multiple scattering of electromagnetic wave; in addition, choosing the proper dielectric shell layer can make the core-shell chain electromagnetic composite absorbing material take into account the antioxidant property, the corrosion resistance, the high temperature resistance, etc., which ensures that the core-shell chain electromagnetic composite absorbing material has a good resistance to oxidation, corrosion and high temperature, high temperature resistance, etc., which ensures the environmental adaptability of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. According to the research progress at this stage, this paper systematically reviews the preparation method of core-shell chain electromagnetic composite wave-absorbing materials, comparatively analyzes the influence of structural factors such as aspect ratio, shell layer type, shell layer thickness, number of shell layers, porous structure and crystalline phase composition of the shell layer on the wave-absorbing performance, elucidates the detailed loss mechanism of core-shell chain electromagnetic composite wave-absorbing materials, and prospects for improvement strategy and development direction of core-shell chain electromagnetic composite wave-absorbing materials. Improvement strategy and development direction of core-shell chain electromagnetic composite wave-absorbing materials.