二元复配增塑剂改性聚氨酯介电弹性体的电驱动行为

Effects of binary plasticizers on driving properties of modified polyurethane dielectric elastomer

  • 摘要: 介电弹性体驱动器(DEA)与传感器在国防、医疗等领域有广阔的应用空间。纯的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)弹性体内部存在大量的分子间氢键,柔韧性差,不适合制作DEA。己二酸二丁酯(DBA)与聚乙二醇(PEG)复配增塑剂的引入,既破坏了TPU弹性体内原有的分子间氢键,显著降低了复合膜的弹性模量,又克服了单一增塑剂DBA的迁出与单一增塑剂PEG的增塑效果不足问题。测试结果表明:引入50wt%的DBA与20wt%的PEG,PEG-DBA/TPU复合膜的弹性模量降低到0.21 MPa,仅为纯TPU 膜(弹性模量为14.77 MPa)的1.4 %。与使用单一增塑剂DBA的复合膜(DBA/TPU)相比,PEG-DBA/TPU复合膜的介电常数由2.71增加到6.02,增加了1.22倍。组装DEA后,4.5 kV电压驱动下,PEG-DBA/TPU复合膜DEA展现出了较为稳定的电驱动行为,位移输出与面积形变分别为2.72 mm和4.12 %,与DBA/TPU 复合膜DEA相比,分别增加了7.22和6.92倍。

     

    Abstract: Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) and sensors have broad application space in national defense, medical and other fields. A large number of hydrogen bonds commonly exist inside thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), which severely weaken its flexibility, hampering its use for DEA. The PEG-DBA/TPU composite was prepared by using a binary plasticizer of dibutyl adipate (DBA) - polyethylene glycol (PEG). Addition of the binary plasticizer disrupted the original intermolecular hydrogen bonds of TPU, and significantly reduced the elastic modulus of the composite. Moreover, the addition also overcome the issue of DBA’s migration and the inadequate plasticizing effect of PEG as a sole plasticizer. Results demonstrated that, after loading 50wt% of DBA and 20wt% of PEG, the elastic modulus of PEG-DBA/TPU composite dramatically decreased to 0.21 MPa, only 1.4 % of elastic modulus remained (the elastic modulus of the pure TPU is 14.77 MPa). Meanwhile, dielectric constant increased from the 2.71 of DBA/TPU to the 6.02 of the PEG-DBA/TPU, increasing by 1.22 folds. Driven by 4.5 kV, DEA originated from the PEG-DBA/TPU composite exhibited stable electromechanical behaviors, its detected displacement and counted strain reached to 2.72 mm and 4.12 %, respectively increasing by 7.22 and 6.92 folds when compared to the DEA of DBA/TPU composite.

     

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