Abstract: Compared to traditional nanocatalysts, single-atom catalysts (SACs) with advantages of unique structure, remarkable performance and maximum atom utilization efficiency have emerged as a new research focus in catalysis field. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is recognized as one of ideal precursors for constructing SACs, due to the unique features of MOFs including atomically dispersed of metal ion nodes, clear coordination environment and tailorable structure. Recently, a large number of studies reported SACs with excellent performance derived from pyrolysis of MOFs. In this review, five major construction strategies of MOFs-derived SACs, including direct pyrolysis of MOFs, mixed-metal strategy, mixed-ligand strategy, spatial confinement strategy and other strategies, as well as the application of these SACs for hydrogen evolution through electrocatalysis, photocatalysis and hydrogen storage small molecule catalysis are summarized. Finally, the future development directions of MOFs-derived SACs are pointed out.