Abstract: The rapid development of wearable electronic devices and artificial intelligence has brought convenience to social life, but has simultaneously led to increasingly severe electromagnetic radiation pollution. Thus, the research of high-performance electromagnetic protection materials is of significant importance. Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene), owing to its unique layered structure, high electrical conductivity, and tunable surface chemistry, exhibit substantial potential in the field of electromagnetic protection. Recently, the integration of MXene with flexible textile materials has emerged as an effective approach to synergistically enhance both the electromagnetic protection effectiveness and mechanical properties of the resulting composites, offering a promising pathway for developing flexible electromagnetic protection devices. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress in MXene-based textile composites for electromagnetic protection applications. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the intrinsic relationship between different structural textile substrates (fibers, fabrics, and fiber felts) and their corresponding electromagnetic protection mechanisms. The design strategies, performance optimization methods, and functionalization approaches for these composites are categorized and discussed. Finally, the current key challenges and future development trends facing MXene-based textile composites in this field are discussed and outlooked. This review aims to provide guidance on the design of efficient and flexible MXene-based textile composites for high-performance electromagnetic protection.