Abstract: In the aerospace field, the growing demand for hypersonic vehicles requiring long-duration high-temperature, high-speed, and reusable reentry performance has increasingly highlighted the significance of thermostructural materials. Continuous Al₂O₃ fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), owing to their exceptional high-temperature mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and high stability in extreme environments, have emerged as a key focus in the development of high-temperature structural materials for aerospace applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation techniques and development trends of continuous Al₂O₃ fiber-reinforced CMCs. It elaborates on the selection criteria for raw materials including Al₂O₃ fibers, interfacial materials, and matrix materials, while delving into process optimization strategies for composite fabrication. The influence mechanisms of coatings on the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability of composites are systematically summarized. Additionally, the application advancements of non-destructive testing technologies such as X-ray testing, terahertz testing, and acoustic emission testing in composite quality control are examined. By analyzing domestic and international research progress, current technical barriers and technological blockades are identified, and future development directions for continuous Al₂O₃ fiber-reinforced CMCs are projected, which aims to provide valuable references for promoting the localization and industrialization of Al₂O₃ fiber-reinforced CMCs.