Application and development of composite materials in large-scale wind turbine blade
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摘要: “30.60”双碳目标的提出，风电行业迎来新的发展机遇。随着中国风电进入平价时代，风电机组通过不断增加单机容量来降低度电成本，由此也对风电叶片长度提出了不断增加的要求。风电叶片面临着“大型化、轻量化与低成本”的矛盾，新材料和新工艺是推动叶片走向风电平价时代的重要手段。本文评述了风电叶片行业的发展与趋势，指出影响叶片性能和成本的关键原材料，系统性地分析了增强纤维、夹芯材料、基体树脂和结构胶4种材料在叶片上的应用现状和发展趋势；探讨了高质量和绿色环保条件下叶片大型化对工艺发展的新要求，新工艺中的预浸料和拉挤技术是未来大叶片应用发展的主要趋势。最后，文章对新材料和新工艺在叶片上的创新应用提出了一些思考与建议，为平价时代风电叶片的大型化发展提供了重要参考。Abstract: With the proposal of "30.60" Double Carbon Project, the wind power industry has ushered in new development opportunities. As China's wind power enters the era of parity, the cost of power per kWh is reduced with the continuous increase of the single capacity of wind turbine system, which also leads to significant increase in the wind blade length. Wind blade is now facing the contradictive requirements of "large-scale, low-cost and lightweight". Both new material and innovative processing technology are of great importance to promote wind power to the parity era. On one hand, several key raw materials, including reinforcing fiber, matrix resin, core and structural adhesive, that affect the performance and cost of wind blade are systematically examined. On the other hand, high quality blades and green environmental protection are of great concern for the wind power industry, which indicates that new processing technology such as prepreg and pultrusion are playing more and more important role in future large scale blade manufacture. Thereafter, with systematic consideration of the materials and processing technologies in the development of wind blade, some suggestions are proposed on the introduction of these materials and technologies, in order to provide some reference for future large-scale wind blade development.
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Key words:
- composite material /
- wind turbine blade /
- large-scale /
- core material /
- carbon fiber
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图 5 典型风电叶片截面结构型式
Figure 5. Typical structure of wind turbine blade section
TEUD—Trailing edge spar cap; LE—Leading edge
图 11 风电叶片芯材的主流产品
Figure 11. Mail core materials of wind blade
PVC—Polyvinyl chloride; PET—Polyethylene terephthalate; HPE—High performance polyurethane
图 13 73 m叶片腹板 (a) 和蒙皮 (b) 不同芯材吸胶量与质量变化
Figure 13. Variation of resin absorption and weight of different core materials of 73 m blade shear-web (a) and blade skin (b)
图 14 73 m叶片应用HPE后综合成本的变化
Figure 14. Changes in comprehensive cost of 73 m blade after HPE application
图 15 拉剪强度和剥离强度随胶层厚度变化
Figure 15. Tensile shear strength and peel strength versus adhesive thickness
图 16 玻璃化转变温度Tg随固化时间的变化
Figure 16. Change of glass transition temperature Tg with curing time
图 19 拉挤与灌注工艺复合材料力学性能的对比
Figure 19. Comparison of mechanical properties of composite by pultrusion and infusion
表 1 叶片用玻璃纤维的主要型号
Table 1. Main types of glass fiber for wind blade
Manufacturer First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation Jushi E6 E7 E8 E9 CPIC TM TM+ TMII — CTG TCR HMG S-1 HM THM-1 OCV WS2000 WS3000 WS4000 — 
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表 2 叶片用碳纤维的主要型号
Table 2. Main type of carbon fiber used for blades
Manufacturer TORAY ZOLTEK SGL Formosa ZFSY Type T720 PX35 CT50 TC35 SY45 Tows/K 36 50 50 48 24 Modulus/GPa 265 242 260 240 230
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