SMA对含裂纹形状记忆玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板拉伸力学性能和自恢复性能影响

The effect of SMA on Tensile and Self-Recovery Properties of Cracked Shape Memory Glass Fiber Composite Laminates

  • 摘要: 针对复合材料层合板在复杂载荷下易产生裂纹且传统修复技术效果有限的问题,提出一种基于形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维的自修复智能复合材料解决方案。该方案以嵌入SMA纤维数目以及环境温度为变量进行仿真与试验相结合的方法分析。仿真分析:基于Brinson相变理论和Hashin失效准则,开发了SMA-Hashin联合UMAT子程序,通过仿真软件ABAQUS实现了对材料应力-应变曲线的数值模拟。试验分析:通过热压机模压成型工艺制备了嵌入不同数目SMA纤维(4/6/8根,SMA纤维体积含量分别为5.2%、7.8%、10.4%)的玻璃纤维复合材料层合板,以水切割的方式进行裁剪并且预制裂纹;使用电液伺服疲劳设备(EHFTS)及配套的环境控制系统(EMS)和立体显微系统(VIC-3D),测试材料在室温和80℃环境下(大于马氏体逆相变温度)的拉伸力学性能和自恢复性能。试验结果表明:在力学性能方面,随着SMA纤维的嵌入,试验件的抗拉强度有着不同程度的增强,其中嵌入6根SMA纤维有着最佳的提升率,而嵌入8根SMA纤维时出现明显的增强效率饱和现象;在自修复性能方面,80℃时仅嵌入4根SMA纤维即可实现大于95%的超高裂纹恢复率。

     

    Abstract: A self-healing smart composite material solution based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) fibers was proposed to address the problem of crack formation in composite laminates under complex loads, where traditional repair techniques were found to be limited in effectiveness. The number of embedded SMA fibers and environmental temperature were selected as variables for analysis using both simulation and experimental methods. Based on the Brinson phase transformation theory and the Hashin failure criterion, a SMA-Hashin combined UMAT user subroutine was developed, and numerical simulations of the stress-strain behavior of the material were conducted using ABAQUS software. Glass fiber composite laminates with different numbers of embedded SMA fibers (4, 6, or 8 fibers, the volume contents of SMA fibers were 5.2%, 7.8%, and 10.4%, respectively) were fabricated through hot press molding. Pre-cracks were introduced by water jet cutting. The tensile mechanical properties and self-healing performance at room temperature and 80℃ (above the martensite reverse phase transformation temperature) were evaluated using an Electro-Hydraulic Fatigue Testing System (EHFTS), an Environmental Monitoring System (EMS), and a Video Image Correlation -3D (VIC-3D). Test results indicate that in terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the specimens increases to varying degrees with the incorporation of SMA fibers. The best improvement rate is observed in specimens with 6 embedded SMA fibers, while a clear saturation effect in strengthening efficiency occurs when 8 SMA fibers are embedded. Regarding self-healing performance, at 80℃, a crack recovery rate of over 95% is achieved with only 4 embedded SMA fibers.

     

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