Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite materials (CFRP) possess numerous outstanding properties, including high specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent fatigue resistance, customizable performance, and ease of integral molding. These attributes have made CFRP widely utilized in aerospace applications and various military equipment. Among these applications, hybrid structures composed of CFRP and metal materials are particularly suitable for complex and harsh environments, offering broad application prospects. However, during actual use, CFRP inevitably comes into contact with metal materials, and its high electrode potential often causes the connected metals to act as anodes, accelerating their corrosion and leading to galvanic corrosion issues. This galvanic corrosion has become one of the critical risks faced by modern wide-body aircraft structures that employ CFRP as a core material. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of the galvanic corrosion behavior between CFRP and metals is crucial, as it provides a scientific basis for the design and optimization of CFRP materials while holding significant importance for their engineering applications. With advancements in structural risk assessment and protection system design, substantial progress has been made in understanding the corrosion mechanisms and developing protection technologies for CFRP-metal interfaces. This paper focuses on the galvanic corrosion behavior of CFRP as a cathode, reviewing the research methodologies employed to study CFRP-metal galvanic corrosion, the factors influencing this process, and the advancements in corrosion protection technologies.