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仿金刚石晶格构型点阵材料的变形机制及力学性能

Deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of diamond-like lattice materials

    摘要
  • 摘要: 点阵材料是一种轻质多功能周期性多孔材料，相较于传统材料，点阵材料具有高比强度、高比刚度以及优良的吸能性和抗冲击性能，广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、机械零部件轻量化设计等领域。本文根据金刚石晶格中的碳原子排序分布，构造了两种仿金刚石晶格构型点阵材料(Cube nested Slanted Cube，C-SC、Cube nested Regular Octahedron，C-RO)。利用选择性激光熔化成型(Selective laser melting，SLM)技术制备了三种相对密度的C-SC (20.6%、27.8%、35.4%)、C-RO (22.3%、30.1%、38.2%)点阵材料，采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法，对新型点阵材料的力学性能进行研究，包括尺寸效应、变形模式、拉压不对称性以及不同相对密度下的比力学性能，实验数据以及数值模拟结果表明在单轴加载工况下，C-SC与C-RO存在尺寸效应，当边长方向上晶格数目大于4时，C-SC与C-RO的整体力学性能趋于稳定。在所研究的范围内，新设计的C-RO以及C-SC点阵材料的比刚度比已有的几种点阵材料面心立方构型(Face Centered Cube，FCC)、顶点立方构型(Vertex Cube，VC)、边缘立方构型(Edge Centered Cube，ECC)、体心立方构型(Body Centered Cubic，BCC)、Z支柱体心立方构型(Body Centered Cubic added with bar in Z direction，BCCZ)、面心立方-双体心立方结合构型(Face Centered Body Centered Cubic，F2BCC)最高分别高709%、520.7%、393.1%、300%、163.4%、535.3%以及809.8%、616.1%、490.4%、397.8%、200%、655.1%。C-SC与BCC、F2BCC相比，比强度最多提高了43.2%和34.9%，与FCC基本相等；C-RO的比强度比BCC、F2BCC最多提高了42.1%和36.4%，比FCC提高了3.8%。

     

    Abstract: The lattice material is a lightweight, multi-functional periodic porous material. Compared with traditional materials, lattice materials have high specific strength, high specific stiffness, excellent energy absorption and impact resistance, and are widely used in aerospace, transportation, lightweight design of mechanical parts and other fields. In this paper, according to the order distribution of carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, two kinds of diamond-like unit cell configuration lattice materials (Cube nested Slanted Cube, C-SC; Cube nested Regular Octahedron, C-RO) were constructed, and C-SC (20.6%, 27.8%, 35.4%) and C-RO (22.3%, 30.1%, 38.2%) lattice materials with three relative densities were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The method of combining experimental and numerical simulation was adopted. The mechanical properties of the new lattice materials with different relative densities were studied, including size effects, deformation modes, tensile and compressive asymmetry, and specific mechanical properties. The experimental data and numerical simulation results show that there is a size effect on C-SC and C-RO specimens under uniaxial loading conditions, and the overall mechanical properties of C-SC and C-RO specimens tend to be stable when the number of lattices in the side length direction is greater than to 4. Within the scope of the study, the specific stiffness of the newly designed C-RO and C-SC lattice materials is higher than that of the existing lattice materials, such as Face Centered Cube (FCC), Vertex Cube (VC), Edge Centered Cube (ECC), Body Centered Cubic (BCC), Body Centered Cubic added with bar in Z direction (BCCZ) and Face Centered Body Centered Cube (F2BCC) by 709%, 520.7%, 393.1%, 300%, 163.4%, 535.3% and 809.8%, 616.1%, 490.4%, 397.8%, 200%, 655.1%, respectively. Compared with BCC and F2BCC, the specific strength of C-SC is increased by 43.2% and 34.9% at most, which is basically the same as that of FCC. The specific strength of C-RO is increased by 42.1% and 36.4% compared with BCC and F2BCC, and 3.8% higher than that of FCC.

     

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