生物质碳基复合相变材料及其阻燃性能研究进展

Research progress of biomass carbon-based composite phase change materials and their flame-retardant properties

  • 摘要: 相变材料(PCM)因具备潜热储能特性成为建筑节能、光热转换及电池热管理领域的研究热点。然而,传统有机相变材料存在导热系数低、易泄漏、易燃等缺陷。生物质碳基材料凭借其多孔结构、高比表面积及环境友好等特性,成为提升相变材料物化性能的理想载体。本文系统综述了基于生物质碳基碳材(如生物炭、活性炭及生物质衍生多孔碳)的复合相变材料(CPCMs)研究进展,重点探讨了材料设计策略(如分级孔调控、表面功能化)对导热性能、封装率及阻燃性的协同优化作用。研究表明,生物质碳基载体通过物理吸附与化学锚定双重机制,可有效抑制相变材料泄漏并提升热导率,并通过与阻燃剂的协同作用显著降低热释放速率。最后探讨了生物质碳基复合相变材料在推广应用中可能存在的问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

     

    Abstract: Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a research focus in building energy conservation, photothermal conversion, and battery thermal management due to their latent heat storage capabilities. However, traditional organic PCMs exhibit several drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, leakage issues, and flammability. Biomass carbon-based materials, characterized by their porous structures, high specific surface areas,and environmental friendliness, serve as ideal carriers for enhancing PCM performance. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) based on biomass carbon materials, including biochar, activated carbon, and biomass-derived porous carbon. The synergistic optimization effects of material design strategies, such as fractional pore regulation and surface functionalization, on thermal conductivity, encapsulation efficiency, and flame retardancy are analyzed in detail. Studies indicate that biomass carbon carriers can effectively suppress PCM leakage through physical adsorption and chemical anchoring mechanisms, enhance thermal conductivity, and significantly reduce heat release rates via synergistic interactions with flame retardants like ammonium polyphosphate and chitosan. Finally, this paper discusses potential challenges in the promotion and application of biomass carbon-based CPCMs and outlines promising future development directions.

     

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