Abstract:
Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a research focus in building energy conservation, photothermal conversion, and battery thermal management due to their latent heat storage capabilities. However, traditional organic PCMs exhibit several drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, leakage issues, and flammability. Biomass carbon-based materials, characterized by their porous structures, high specific surface areas,and environmental friendliness, serve as ideal carriers for enhancing PCM performance. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) based on biomass carbon materials, including biochar, activated carbon, and biomass-derived porous carbon. The synergistic optimization effects of material design strategies, such as fractional pore regulation and surface functionalization, on thermal conductivity, encapsulation efficiency, and flame retardancy are analyzed in detail. Studies indicate that biomass carbon carriers can effectively suppress PCM leakage through physical adsorption and chemical anchoring mechanisms, enhance thermal conductivity, and significantly reduce heat release rates via synergistic interactions with flame retardants like ammonium polyphosphate and chitosan. Finally, this paper discusses potential challenges in the promotion and application of biomass carbon-based CPCMs and outlines promising future development directions.