Abstract: For low elastic modulus of bamboo, insufficient cross-sectional stiffness and bamboo fiber feasible fracture in tension zone of bamboo flexural components, bamboo structure reinforced with bars and its manufacturing processes were presented. Four bamboo scrimber flexural specimens were studied by four-point bending test. The failure modes and load carrying characteristics of the reinforced bamboo components were investigated. The test parameters include the types and the cross-sectional area of reinforced bars. The results show that the load carrying capacity and section stiffness of the reinforced specimens increase significantly. Specimens reinforced with steel bars gain higher the sectional stiffness than those with fiber reinfored polymer (FRP) bars. Due to the effects of reinforced bars, the compress plastic behavior of bamboo can develop fully, and the reinforced specimens show more obvious plastic development process. Moreover, the top ultimate compressive strain and the bottom ultimate tensile strain of the reinforced specimens are significantly larger than the control specimen, and the cross-sectional strain distribution agrees with the plane section assumption. The strain comparison between internal bars and external bamboo in the same height shows that internal bars and bamboo can work well together. Bamboo structure reinforced with bars is a new structure to improve its work performance effectively.