聚合物梯度材料黏弹性断裂的双控制参数

Double control parameters of viscoelastic fracture for polymer graded materials

  • 摘要: 针对组分材料体积分数任意分布的聚合物功能梯度材料,研究其在蠕变加载条件下Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子(SIFs)和应变能释放率的时间相依特征。由Mori-Tanaka方法预测等效松弛模量,在Laplace变换域中采用梯度有限元法和虚拟裂纹闭合方法计算断裂参数,由数值逆变换得到物理空间的对应量。分析边裂纹平行于梯度方向的聚合物功能梯度板条,分别考虑均匀拉伸和三点弯曲蠕变加载。结果表明,聚合物梯度材料应变能释放率随时间增加,其增大的程度与黏弹性组分材料体积分数正相关;材料的非均匀黏弹性性质产生应力重新分布,导致裂纹尖端应力场强度随时间变化,当裂纹位于黏弹性材料含量较低的一边时,应力强度因子随时间增加,反之,随时间减小。而且,材料的应力强度因子与时间相依的变化范围和体积分数分布以及加载方式有关,当体积分数接近线性分布时,变化最明显,三点弯曲比均匀拉伸的变化大。SIFs随时间的延长增加或减小、加剧或减轻裂纹尖端部位的“衰坏”,表明黏弹性功能梯度裂纹体的延迟失稳需要联合采用应力强度因子与应变能释放率作为双控制参数。

     

    Abstract: The time dependent characteristics of stress intensity factors (SIFs) and strain energy release rate for mode Ⅰ cracks in polymeric graded materials with arbitrary distribution of volume content of constituent materials under creep loading were investigated. The effective relaxation modulus was predicted based on Mori-Tanaka approach. In Laplace transform domain, the fracture parameters were determined by applying graded finite element method and virture crack closure technique, and their correspondent quantities in physical space were obtained with numerical Laplace inversion. The polymeric graded plate strips with edge crack parallel to graded direction were analyzed, and both far field homogeneous tension and three-point bending were considered respectively. The numerical results show that the strain energy release rate increases with time elapsed and its variation range is dependent on the volume fraction of viscoelastic constituent, and the intensity of stress field near crack tip varies with time due to stress redistribution originating from heterogeneous viscoelasic behaviour of graded materials. The SIFs increase with time when crack is located on the side with less volume content of viscoelastic constituent, and decrease on the contrary. The time-dependent variation range of SIFs is influenced by both the distribution of volume fraction of constituents and loading mode, and reaches the maximum value for the linear distribution of volume fraction. The increase or decrease of SIFs will speed or abate the damage in the process zone near crack tip. These results suggest that it is necessary to adopt both SIFs and strain energy release rate to control the time delayed fracture in polymeric graded materials.

     

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